Integrity of the Untorn Articular-Sided Tendon in Bursal-Sided Partial-Thickness Rotator Cuff Tear: A Comparative Study of Apoptotic Activity in Torn and Untorn Layers

Yang, Hsin-Chia; Lee, Yun-Gyoung; Kim, Jang-Woon; Kim, Yang-Soo

doi:10.1177/0363546518782975

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…A recent comparative study of apoptotic activity in torn and untorn layers demonstrated that apoptotic gene expression is increased not only in the torn bursal layer but also in the untorn articular layer of PTRCT. 46 Because the untorn articular layer of PTRCT is abnormal, which triggers postoperative pain and further rotator cuff tears, Yang et al 46 recommended that treatment of the abnormal untorn articular layer is essential in bursal side PTRCT. Compared with the bursal side tears, apoptotic gene expression might be further increased in both-sided PTRCT, and also, these tears have abnormal both-sided tears.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transtendon Suture Bridge Repair of Both-Sided Partial-Thickness Rotator Cuff Tears: Midterm Outcomes

et al. 2021

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Background: Among symptomatic partial-thickness rotator cuff tears (PTRCT) indicated for surgery, both-sided (concurrent articular and bursal side) PTRCT are rarely reported and discussed in the literature. Without clinical data on and definite guidelines for treating these rare partial tears, appropriate management cannot be expected. Purpose: To calculate the prevalence of both-sided PTRCT and to evaluate clinical outcomes after arthroscopic transtendon suture bridge repair of both-sided PTRCT at a minimum 3-year follow-up. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: Among symptomatic PTRCT that required arthroscopic surgery (765 patients) between March 2008 and December 2014, 178 both-sided partial tears were confirmed arthroscopically, and arthroscopic transtendon suture bridge repair was performed in 100 patients enrolled in our study after exclusion criteria were applied. The presence of concurrent articular and bursal side partial tears was confirmed via arthroscopy, with Ellman grade >2 on either the bursal or the articular side of these both-sided partial tears. Without tear completion, transtendon suture bridge repair was performed in all cases. Clinical outcomes including clinical scores and range of motion were evaluated at a mean of 5.3 ± 1.4 years (range, 3-8 years). Follow-up magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed at 6 to 12 months (mean ± SD, 11 ± 5.20 months) after surgery to evaluate the tendon integrity (Sugaya classification) of the repaired rotator cuff. Results: The mean age was 57.5 ± 7.8 years, and 65% of patients were women. Mean preoperative American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons, University of California Los Angeles, Simple Shoulder Test, and Constant-Murley outcome scores of 52 ± 14, 19 ± 4, 6 ± 2, and 69 ± 10 significantly improved postoperatively to 94 ± 5, 33 ± 2, 11 ± 1, and 93 ± 5, respectively ( P < .001). Mean forward flexion, abduction, external rotation, and internal rotation improved significantly from 148°± 31°, 134°± 39°, 22°± 13°, and L2 preoperatively to 154°± 17°, 151°± 60°, 29°± 14°, and T10 postoperatively, respectively ( P < .001). The retear rate on follow-up MRI scans was 2%. As per Sugaya classification on postoperative MRI scans, type 1 healing was found in 29%; type 2, in 60%; type 3, in 9%; and type 4, in 2%. Conclusion: Among all symptomatic PTRCT that required surgery, both-sided PTRCT were more common than expected. Arthroscopic transtendon suture bridge repair of these both-sided PTRCT showed satisfactory clinical outcomes at a minimum 3-year follow-up.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transtendon Suture Bridge Repair of Both-Sided Partial-Thickness Rotator Cuff Tears: Midterm Outcomes

et al. 2021

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“…The histological method was used to detect the pathologic changes of subcutaneous tumors and performed as described previously [25]. Brie y, mice from normal diet group and ketogenic diets group were euthanized by CO 2 inhalation on day 30 after ketogenic diets or normal diets.…”

Section: Histopathological Examination Of Tumormentioning

confidence: 99%

Ketogenic diet promotes apoptosis of tumor cells and inhibits tumor growth through inhibiting Wnt1/β-catenin signaling pathway in mouse xenograft models of human colon cancer

Wang¹,

Qiu²,

Wu³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: High-fat, low-carbohydrate and adequate-protein ketogenic diets (KD) are expected to become an effective adjunct therapy for cancer patients. However, the direct effects of KD on tumor cells and the underlying mechanisms are elusive. In this study, the nude mouse models of subcutaneous transplanted human colon cancer cells were established and applied to study the effects and mechanisms of KD on the growth of subcutaneous tumors in nude mice.Methods: Male nude mice were injected subcutaneously with human colon cancer HCT-116 cell line to construct a subcutaneous tumor model of human colon cancer. The successfully constructed subcutaneous tumor mice were divided into normal diet group and KD group. The mice were anesthetized and euthanized after 30 days of feeding, the subcutaneous tumor tissues were collected, and the size of tumors was measured and weighed. HE staining was used to observe the pathological changes of subcutaneous tumor tissues in normal feeding group and KD group. TUNEL staining was used to detect the level of apoptosis in tumor tissue. Immunohistochemistry of subcutaneous tumor tissues was used to detect the expression levels of Wnt-1 and β-catenin. In addition, RT-qPCR and western blotting were applied to detect the expression levels of Wnt1/β-catenin signaling pathway-related proteins.Results: After 30 days of normal diet and KD feeding, the subcutaneous tumor tissues of human colon cancer mice were taken out for various assays. The results of tumor size measurement showed that the tumor size and weight of KD group were significantly smaller than that of the normal diet group. HE staining showed that the pathological characteristics of colon tumor tissue in the KD group were significantly improved, and the infiltration of inflammatory cells was reduced. TUNEL staining showed that the apoptosis level of tumor cells in the KD group was significantly increased compared to the normal diet group. RT-qPCR and western blotting revealed that the expression of pro-apoptotic proteins such as caspase 3，caspase 9 and Bax were increased（P < 0.01）, while the expression of anti-apoptotic protein such as Bcl-2 or survivin was decreased （P < 0.01）. Furthermore, the expression of Wnt1/β-catenin signaling pathway-related proteins including Wnt1 and β-catenin were largely reduced after 30 days of KD feeding compared to normal feeding group （P < 0.01）.Conclusions: Ketogenic diets (KD) promotes apoptosis of human colon cancer subcutaneous tumor cells and inhibits the growth of tumor by inhibiting Wnt1/β-catenin signaling pathway in mouse subcutaneous tumor models of human colon cancer.

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“…In this study, three kinds of non-specific histological staining techniques were performed on the Achilles tendon tissues: hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, Safranin O/ fast green (SOFG; fast green and Safranin) staining, and Masson's trichrome staining (Wuhan Servicebio Technology Co., Ltd., China). According to the conventional protocols (24)(25)(26), the prepared tissue sections were stained with the corresponding staining solutions and photomicrographs were obtained. In order to review the Masson's staining, Image-Pro Plus 6.0 software (Media Cybernetics, Silver Spring, USA) was applied to analyze the proportions of fresh and immature collagen fibers within the Achilles tendon tissues.…”

Section: Histological Stainingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of the Alarmin S100A9 protein in inducing Achilles tendinopathy in rats

Zhao¹,

Li²,

Xue³

et al. 2021

Ann Transl Med

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Background: This study aimed to investigate the correlation between the Alarmin S100A9 protein and Achilles tendinopathy (AT), and to reveal the role of this protein in inducing AT.Methods: In this study, 40 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: Control group (received no treatment), Injury group (Achilles tendon tissues were cut intraoperatively), S100A9 group (received a subcutaneous injection of rhS100A9 solution), and S100A9 + Paquinimod group [received a subcutaneous injection of rhS100A9 and Paquinimod (1:1 ratio) into the Achilles tendon]. At 1 week postoperatively, the four groups of rats were euthanized, and the Achilles tendon tissues were isolated for histological staining, immunohistochemistry (IHC), immunofluorescence, Sirius Red (SR) staining, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling assay.Results: Compared with both the Control and S100A9 + Paquinimod groups, the Injury and S100A9 groups exhibited higher expression levels of S100A9 protein, matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3), and inflammatory factors. Regarding histomorphology [hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and Safranin O/fast green (SOFG; fast green and Safranin) training], the Achilles tendon tissues in the Injury and S100A9 groups showed AT-like changes, and the fibers were extremely disorderly, non-bundled, and ruptured, and some nuclei were spindles. As for collagen (Col) remodeling, a large number of fresh collagen fibers had formed, the amounts of Col-I and Col-II were lower, and a large quantity of Col-III was present. Additionally, a large number of tendon cells had died in both the Injury and S100A9 groups.Conclusions: This study showed that Alarmin S100A9 can induce AT-like morphological changes and local inflammatory reactions, trigger collagen fiber remodeling and tendon cell apoptosis, and ultimately induce AT.

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Integrity of the Untorn Articular-Sided Tendon in Bursal-Sided Partial-Thickness Rotator Cuff Tear: A Comparative Study of Apoptotic Activity in Torn and Untorn Layers

Abstract: The untorn articular layer of PTRCTs is abnormal, which triggers postoperative pain and further rotator cuff tears. Therefore, treatment of the abnormal untorn articular layer is essential in bursal-sided PTRCTs.

Cited by 6 publications

References 37 publications

Transtendon Suture Bridge Repair of Both-Sided Partial-Thickness Rotator Cuff Tears: Midterm Outcomes

Transtendon Suture Bridge Repair of Both-Sided Partial-Thickness Rotator Cuff Tears: Midterm Outcomes

Ketogenic diet promotes apoptosis of tumor cells and inhibits tumor growth through inhibiting Wnt1/β-catenin signaling pathway in mouse xenograft models of human colon cancer

Role of the Alarmin S100A9 protein in inducing Achilles tendinopathy in rats

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