Integument and the Environment Glandular Composition, Function, and Evolution

Quay, W. B.

doi:10.1093/icb/12.1.95

Cited by 100 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…Production as a Secretory Function Quay (1972) considered feathers as 'secreted products' of avian skin, derived from the proteinaceous glandular stem. Shah et al (1977) opined that in view of the complex array of morphogenetic events and tissue interactions involved, formation of feathers be considered as 'organogenesis' rather than secretion.…”

Section: Feathermentioning

confidence: 99%

Glandular Functions of Avian Integument

Menon

1984

Journal of the Yamashina Institute for Ornithology

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This paper attempts a synthesis of available information on glandular functions of avian integument, a topic which has not received adequate attention.Morphologi cally distinct glands in the skin of birds are limited to the uropygial gland, ceruminous (wax) glands in external ear canal and integumentary glands of the vent (anal glands). Of these, only the uropygial gland has been studied in a considerable manner., whereas taxonomic and functional status of the latter two remain unclear at the present juncture. The holocrine ceruminous glands, though lipoid producing, differ greatly from the uropygial gland in structure and functions. The glands of the vent are the only mucoid producing glands found in avian skin. Thus the avian integument, on gross examination, appears to be poorly endowed with glands compared to that of other vertebrates. However, cells of avian body epidermis show a unique lipogenic potential, producing both keratin and sebum like lipoid material. Aptly termed as 'sebokeratocytes', the epidermal cells in glabrous portions of skin as well as specialized regions such as the rictus and toe web exhibit a remarkably high degree of sebogenic activity. Possible significance of this epidermal lipoid secretion in enhancing water repellancy of skin; preventing excessive cutaneous water loss; screening off harmful radiations, imparting colouration to the skin etcetera are discussed. In light of the widespread nature of epidermal lipoid secretion and the knowledge that many specialized types of feathers in various species produce and maintain a supply of material such as powder, grease or both, used in cosmetic purposes, the concept of secretory activity is reexamined. It is proposed that on a functional basis, the secretory epidermal regions and specialized feathers be considered as glandular units of skin, though they lack the conventionally accepted glandular profile.

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Section: Feathermentioning

confidence: 99%

Glandular Functions of Avian Integument

Menon

1984

Journal of the Yamashina Institute for Ornithology

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“…Mechanical and protective functions have been suggested for the secretions of cyclostome skin glands, but more specialized functions have received little attention as possibilities. Since this applies also to possible pheromonal significance we will refer the reader to an earlier review for more details and for references (Quay, 1972).…”

Section: Outline Of Vertebrate Skin Glands Primarily Aquatic Groupsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Four kinds of integumentary glands have been described in the better known Chondrichthyes: (1) unicellular mucous cells scattered over the body surface and within the stratified epidermis; (2) multicellular venom glands associated with dermal spines; (3) multicellular glands modified as "light organs" or photophores; and (4) multicellular mucous or goblet cell glands at the base of the claspers of males (Daniel, 1935;Quay, 1972). The general impression is that the glandular secretions involved in these are mostly mucoid, but very little has been published concerning their chemistry.…”

Section: Outline Of Vertebrate Skin Glands Primarily Aquatic Groupsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Structure and Function of Skin Glands

Quay

1977

Chemical Signals in Vertebrates

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“…Its epideemis is thick and has the function of eetaining moistuee and peotecting against peedatoes, which matches its teeeesteial chaeacteeistics (Quay, 1972;Aeey and Baeeick, 1942). Foe the mainly aquatic Paraoncidium reevesii, the doesal skin is thin and is easily peemeable, so its eespieatoey function is steong.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Comprehensive comparison of four species of Onchidiidae provides insights on morphological and molecular adaptations of invertebrates from shallow seas to wetlands

Yang

Wang

et al. 2017

Preprint

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Background.The Onchidiidae family provides ideal species of marine invertebrates for the study of the evolution from seas to wetlands. However, different species of Onchidiidae have rarely been considered in comparative studies.Methods.A total of 40 samples were collected from four species (10 specimens per onchidiid). In addition, we systematically investigated the histological and molecular differences to elucidate the morphological foundations underlying these adaptations.Results.Histological analysis enabled the structural comparison of respiratory organs (gill, lung-sac, dorsal skin) among onchidiids. Transcriptome sequencing of four representative onchidiids was performed to further expound the molecular mechanisms with their respective habitats. Twenty-six Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers of Onchidium struma presented the DNA polymorphism determining some visible genetic traits. Non-muscle myosin heavy chain II (NMHC II) and myosin heavy chain (MyHC) played an essential role in amphibian developmental processes and are expressed differentially invarious onchidiids and tissues. The species with higher terrestrial ability and higher integrated expression of Os-MHC (NMHC II gene) and MyHC gene illustrated the expression level associated with the evolutionary degree.Conclusions.The present study indicates that different adaptions occurred in four species in various environments.We hope to provide a valuable reference point and a source of inspiration for amphibian investigatorsstudying the morphological characteristics and molecular mechanisms underlying the transition of invertebrates from shallow seas to wetlands. Comprehensive comparison of four species of Onchidiidae provides insights on morphological and molecular adaptations of invertebrates from shallow seas to wetlands Guolv Xu 1,2,3 , Tiezhu Yang 1,2,3 , Dongfeng Wang 1,2,3 , Jie Li 1,2,3 , Xin Liu 1,2,3 , Xin Wu 1,2,3 , Shen Heding 1,2,3 Guolv Xu and Tiezhu Yang aee fiest co-authoes; they conteibuted equally to the woek. Background.The Onchidiidae family peovides ideal species of maeine inveetebeates foe the study of the evolution feom seas to wetlands. Howevee, diffeeent species of Onchidiidae have eaeely been consideeed in compaeative studies. PeerJ PreprintsMethods.A total of 40 samples weee collected feom foue species (10 specimens pee onchidiid). In addition, we systematically investigated the histological and moleculae diffeeences to elucidate the moephological foundations undeelying these adaptations.Results.Histological analysis enabled the steuctueal compaeison of eespieatoey oegans (gill, lungsac, doesal skin) among onchidiids. Teansceiptome sequencing of foue eepeesentative onchidiids was peefoemed to fuethee expound the moleculae mechanisms with theie eespective habitats.Twenty-six Single nucleotide polymoephism (SNP) maekees of Onchidium struma peesented the DNA polymoephism deteemining some visible genetic teaits. Non-muscle myosin heavy chain II (NMHC II) and myosin heavy chain (MyHC) played an essential eole in amphibian ...

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Integument and the Environment Glandular Composition, Function, and Evolution

Cited by 100 publications

References 81 publications

Glandular Functions of Avian Integument

Glandular Functions of Avian Integument

Structure and Function of Skin Glands

Comprehensive comparison of four species of Onchidiidae provides insights on morphological and molecular adaptations of invertebrates from shallow seas to wetlands

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