Integumentary System

The presence of NSF-like fibrosing dermopathy in rats was found to be dependent on the injection interval and not on the amount of Gd in tissue. Our findings suggest the possibility of a more acute intrinsic reaction on administration of Gd-DTPA-BMA that triggers events leading to the development of skin lesions. The finding that single injections of Gd-DTPA-BMA were accompanied by a fast and transient induction of signaling molecules that are known to be involved in several fibrotic events provides additional support for this hypothesis. The study findings, however, do not support the theory that the long-term presence of Gd plays a relevant role in the development of NSF.

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“…37 In general, structure and classification followed the logical framework described elsewhere. 38,39 …”

Section: Macroscopic Skin Evaluation and Histology Of The Skinmentioning

confidence: 98%

The Role of Residual Gadolinium in the Induction of Nephrogenic Systemic Fibrosis-Like Skin Lesions in Rats

Pietsch

Raschke²,

Ellinger‐Ziegelbauer³

et al. 2011

Investigative Radiology

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“…As one of the largest organs, our skin serves a key role in protecting the body from pathogens, viruses, and toxins present in the external environment ( Pasparakis, Haase & Nestle, 2014 ; Greaves, 2007 ). Grice et al (2009) discussed the variation in the taxonomic composition and diversity in microbial communities that occupy the human skin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Skin microbiota diversity among genetically unrelated individuals of Indian origin

Potbhare

RaviKumar

Munukka

et al. 2022

PeerJ

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Background Human skin harbors complex transient and resident microbial communities that show intra- & inter-individual variation due to various environmental and host-associated factors such as skin site, diet, age, gender, genetics, or the type and use of cosmetics. This variation remains largely uncharacterized in the Indian population; hence, the present study aims to characterize the variation in skin microbiota among individuals of Indian origin and quantify associations with age, diet, and geography. Methods Axillary sweat samples from genetically unrelated individuals (N = 58) residing in the three geographical locations of Maharashtra, India, were collected using a sterile cotton swab. Bacterial DNA was extracted using a standard protocol and checked for quality. Variable regions (V3–V4) of the 16S rRNA gene were sequenced using the Illumina platform. We used standard methods from microbiota bioinformatics, including alpha and beta diversity, community typing, and differential abundance, to quantify the association of skin microbiota with age, diet, and geographical location. Results Our study indicated the prevalence of phyla- Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria, consistent with previous reports on skin microbiota composition of the world population level. The alpha diversity (Shannon index) was significantly associated with the age group (Kruskal–Wallis test, p = 0.02), but not with geography (p = 0.62) or diet (p = 0.74). The overall skin microbiota community composition was significantly associated with geographical location based on Community State Types (CST) analysis and PERMANOVA (R2 = 0.07, p = 0.01). Differential abundance analysis at the genus level indicated a distinctively high abundance of Staphylococcus and Corynebacterium among individuals of the Pune district. Pseudomonas and Anaerococcus were abundant in individuals from Ahmednagar whereas, Paenibacillus, Geobacillus, Virgibacillus, Jeotgalicoccus, Pullulanibacillus, Delsulfosporomusa, Citinovibrio, and Calditerricola were abundant in individuals from Nashik district. Conclusion Our work provides one of the first characterizations of skin microbiota variation in different sub-populations in India. The analysis quantifies the level of individuality, as contrasted to the other factors of age, geography, and diet, thus helping to evaluate the applicability of skin microbiota profiles as a potential biomarker to stratify individuals.

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“…On the other hand, most of the animals in group 2 presented mild inflammation of the small intestine, however, this is a nonspecific lesion and does not compromise the health status of the animals. Furthermore, the megakaryocytes observed in the spleen of all animals are average when it comes to young animals-no histological changes were observed in the pancreas, kidney or large intestine 35,36 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Effect of Tributyrin Supplementation on Glucose Levels, Liver and Kidney Integrity in an Experimental Model of Diabetes Mellitus

Barriga¹,

Peñ²,

Caballero³

et al. 2022

International J. of Pharmacology

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Background and Objective: Studies report the beneficial effects of short-chain fatty acids on intestinal health, hyperglycemia and kidney disease. However, it is unknown whether tributyrin, a prodrug of butyric acid, produces the same effects. Due to the limitations of current treatments for patients with chronic diabetic disease, other alternative therapies could provide a better quality of life for the patient. Therefore, the objective was to evaluate the effect of tributyrin in an animal model with this pathology. Materials and Methods: Twenty-seven male Wistar rats weighing 200-250 g were assigned randomly into three groups. The animals received food and water ad libitum. The G 1 and G 2 animals were chemically induced into a model of chronic diabetes, with liver and kidney damage, using streptozotocin. At G 1 and G 3 (healthy animals): Tributyrin (Tb: 450 mg kgG 1 PO SID) was administered for 4 weeks. To G 2 (control group): Only physiological saline solution 4.5 mL kgG 1 PO SID was given. Hemogram, blood biochemistry and urinalysis were performed at the beginning and every week. In addition, a glucose tolerance test was performed before and at the end of treatment. At the end of the study, histopathology examinations were performed. Results: Supplemented tributyrin increased insulin sensitivity, decreased blood glucose and improved liver and kidney tissue. Conclusion: Oral tributyrin supplementation in a rat model of chronic diabetes mellitus improved blood glucose levels, produced a hepatoprotective effect and delayed kidney disease. Therefore, tributyrin is considered a complementary therapy to the usual treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus.

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Integumentary System

Cited by 4 publications

References 212 publications

The Role of Residual Gadolinium in the Induction of Nephrogenic Systemic Fibrosis-Like Skin Lesions in Rats

The Role of Residual Gadolinium in the Induction of Nephrogenic Systemic Fibrosis-Like Skin Lesions in Rats

Skin microbiota diversity among genetically unrelated individuals of Indian origin

Effect of Tributyrin Supplementation on Glucose Levels, Liver and Kidney Integrity in an Experimental Model of Diabetes Mellitus

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