Intellectual Disabilities Among Prisoners: Prevalence and Mental and Physical Health Comorbidities

Hellenbach, Mike; Karatzias, Thanos; Brown, Michael

doi:10.1111/jar.12234

Cited by 75 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…It is also worth noting that almost 1 in 4 (22.3%) participants scored below 85 on the HASI and almost 1 in 10 (8.9%) screened positive for intellectual disability by using a composite screening measure developed previously (Dias et al ). Our findings are consistent with prior research indicating that intellectual disability is over‐represented in prisoners (Hassiotis et al ; Dias et al ; Søndenaa et al ; Hellenbach et al ; Bradley ). More than 1 in 10 participants (13.4%) screened positive on the HASI for possible intellectual disability but did not report having been identified by a clinician or intellectual disability‐specific service prior to prison release.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Intellectual disability and patient activation after release from prison: a prospective cohort study

Young

Cumming

Dooren

et al. 2017

J intellect Disabil Res

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Ex-prisoners screening positive for possible intellectual disability have decreased patient activation for at least 6 months after release from prison. However, individuals whose possible intellectual disability is unidentified appear to be particularly vulnerable. Incarceration is a pivotal opportunity for the identification of intellectual disability and for initiating transitional linkages to health and intellectual disability-specific community services for this marginalised population.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Intellectual disability and patient activation after release from prison: a prospective cohort study

Young

Cumming

Dooren

et al. 2017

J intellect Disabil Res

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“…Researchers who studied substance use in individuals with MBID found that substance use by these individuals was related to various problems including offending behavior (Chapman 2012;Gigi et al 2014). This might also explain why individuals with MBID constitute a growing percentage of offenders within the justice system and are overrepresented in forensic institutions (Hellenbach et al 2016;Herrington 2009). In a study by Plant et al (2011), it was found that half of the clients in a forensic institution could be identified with MBID and substance-related problems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Individuals with Mild Intellectual Disability or Borderline Intellectual Functioning in a Forensic Addiction Treatment Center: Prevalence and Clinical Characteristics

Luteijn

Didden

Nagel

2017

Adv Neurodev Disord

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Knowledge regarding substance-related problems and offending behavior in individuals with mild intellectual disability or borderline intellectual functioning (MBID; IQ 50-85) has increased over the last years, but is still limited. The present study examined differences in prevalence and clinical characteristics of individuals with and without MBID in a forensic addiction treatment center. Participants were 190 court mandated male clients of a low to high security forensic addiction treatment center in the Netherlands (aged between 21 and 59 years old, 82% of Dutch origin). Of the total sample 39% could be identified with MBID which is much higher than the estimated 12% to 15% of the general population. Results showed that clients with MBID reported significantly lower scores on desire for help, compared to clients without MBID (F (1, 73) = 5.12, p = .027). Against expectations, no significant group differences were found for aggression during treatment while controlling for impulsivity, treatment duration and type of substance use and offense. As results of the present study showed that clients with MBID are overrepresented in the forensic addiction treatment center, future research should further explore characteristics and responses to treatment of these clients. More knowledge about the characteristics of clients with MBID will not only help to better identify these clients, but will also to improve treatment for this group

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“…This is mainly due to flawed research designs to identify intellectual disability, as well as inconsistent use of research methods or inconsistent use of terminology (McBrien 2003). One recent systematic review of the literature on the prevalence of intellectual disability among prisoners reaffirmed that the prevalence rates of intellectual disability among prison populations significantly varied (Hellenbach et al 2017). That literature review found, for example, that a study on Israeli prison inmates had the highest positive score for intellectual disability at 69.6%, while the lowest prevalence was reported in a United Kingdom study, where 4% of participants identified as having an intellectual disability (Einat and Einat 2008;Hassiotis et al 2011).…”

Section: What Is Broadly Known About Persons With Intellectual Disabimentioning

confidence: 99%

Indigenous Australians, Intellectual Disability and Incarceration: A Confluence of Rights Violations

Brolan

Harley

2018

Laws

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This article reviews the health and wellbeing of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians with intellectual disability in the Australian prison system through a human rights lens. There is an information gap on this group of Australian prisoners in the health and disability literature and the multi-disciplinary criminal law and human rights law literature. This article will consider the context of Indigenous imprisonment in Australia and examine the status of prisoner health in that country, as well as the status of the health and wellbeing of prisoners with intellectual disability. It will then specifically explore the health, wellbeing and impact of imprisonment on Indigenous Australians with intellectual disability, and highlight how intersectional rights deficits (including health and human rights deficits) causally impact the ability of Indigenous Australians with intellectual disability to access due process, equal recognition and justice in the criminal justice and prison system. A central barrier to improving intersectional and discriminatory landscapes relating to health, human rights and justice for Indigenous Australian inmates with intellectual disability, and prisoners with intellectual disability more broadly in the Australian context, is the lack of sufficient governance and accountability mechanisms (including Indigenous-led mechanisms) to enforce the operationalisation of consistent, transparent, culturally responsive, rights-based remedies.

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Intellectual Disabilities Among Prisoners: Prevalence and Mental and Physical Health Comorbidities

Abstract: More research is required on prevalence rates and associated comorbidities of ID within prison settings, taking into account the heterogeneity of the population with ID.

Cited by 75 publications

References 60 publications

Intellectual disability and patient activation after release from prison: a prospective cohort study

Intellectual disability and patient activation after release from prison: a prospective cohort study

Individuals with Mild Intellectual Disability or Borderline Intellectual Functioning in a Forensic Addiction Treatment Center: Prevalence and Clinical Characteristics

Indigenous Australians, Intellectual Disability and Incarceration: A Confluence of Rights Violations

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