Intellectual Property Policy Reform

Arup, Christopher; Caenegem, William van

doi:10.4337/9781848449039

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The ribbed slab was abstracted with uniform-depth shell elements including the steel decking and using Concrete Damaged Plasticity [22,23] to consider material nonlinearity. While most of the steel framing was idealised using beam elements, columns 44 and 79 as well as girders 79-80, 76-79, and 44-79 were modelled with a higher grid resolution using shell elements [24]. Likewise, both connections of girder 44-79 and all connections into column 79 were modelled in full detail using shell elements to represent the various plates, tie elements to model the bolts, and rigid links to represent the welds.…”

Section: Arup and Guy Nordenson And Associatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2 [11]. Both mass and time scaling were used to ensure an efficient solution, while inertial forces were monitored to maintain reasonably accurate results [24]. The Arup analysis predicted that failure could indeed commence in the vicinity of column 79 in either heating or cooling and only if the flutes between the girder and slab were unfilled.…”

Section: Arup and Guy Nordenson And Associatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These values were chosen based on previous experience as discussed in previous work [33,45]. The tested material properties, as reported in [24] and shown in Table 1, were used for the various steel grades used in WTC7. The temperature-dependent mechanical and thermal properties are based on the provisions of the Eurocodes such as the EN1993 and EN1992 [50,51].…”

Section: Modelling Considerations and Simplifying Assumptionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Steel grade, yield strength, and ultimate strength used in the models. Based on tested values as reported in[24] …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

The Collapse of World Trade Center 7: Revisited

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The catastrophic events of September 11, 2001, stand out as a major motivation for research on improving the understanding of structural behaviour in fire. These events included the first complete collapse of a tall steel framed structure solely due to fire. World Trade Center 7 (WTC7) was a 47storey office building within the WTC complex that collapsed due to a fire initiated by debris from the collapse of WTC1. In the following years, detailed investigations were carried out by expert teams to pinpoint the cause of the progressive failure of WTC7. Each of the expert teams analysed the fire and structure and made varying conclusions with regards to the mechanisms responsible for initiating and propagating the collapse of the building. This paper revisits the collapse of WTC7 and its investigation, and then explores the hypothesis that a potential hydrocarbon fire may have compromised the large transfer structure within the mechanical space of the building. This is done via two OpenSees finite element models. The first model explores the thermomechanical response of the mechanical floors to a potential diesel fire, and the second investigates the response of the structure to a failure caused by that fire. The outcome of the analyses shows that it is feasible that a mechanical room fire could lead to a failure in the transfer structure, which would then result in the loss of support to at least two columns within the building core. The failure of these columns may unbrace the eastern-most core columns and precipitate in the failure of the structure as observed on 9/11.

show abstract

Section: Arup and Guy Nordenson And Associatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Arup and Guy Nordenson And Associatesmentioning

confidence: 99%