Intelligence collection operations and EEZs: the implications of new technology

Managing Sino-U.S. Air and Naval Interactions: Cold War Lessons and New Avenues of Approach (INSS China Strategic Perspectives, Number 5, September 2012)

“…These approaches attempt to alter the Chinese calculus by linking China's own ability to gather intelligence with its tolerance of intelligence-collection activities by other countries.One approach would be to create direct parallels between U.S. operations in China's EEZ and Chinese operations in Japan's EEZ. Although China does not currently conduct intelligence-collection flights and patrols against Hawaii or the continental United States, it does employ a range of intelligence collection and survey ships and aircraft in the Western Pacific 40. Chinese ships have conducted hydrographic surveys within Japan's EEZ, presumably to support submarine and antisubmarine operations.…”