Intelligence profiles of Chinese school-aged boys with high-functioning ASD and ADHD

Li, Gaizhi; Jiang, Wenqing; Du, Yasong; Rossbach, Kathryn

doi:10.2147/ndt.s136477

Cited by 19 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The present study leveraged the transdiagnostic Healthy Brain Network Biobank to explore the relationship between PS deficits and psychopathology, both with respect to DSM-V diagnoses and commonly used dimensional psychiatric assessments. Consistent with prior work, our examination of individual associations between PS and each, DSM-V disorders and their related dimensional measures, implicated PS impairments in attention deficit/hyperactivity (ADHD) 7,8,13,29,81,82 , autism spectrum (ASD) 2,7,8,33,44,46 and specific learning disabilities (SLD) 7,9,12,14,15,41 . However, simultaneous analyses suggested more specific associations with ADHD and learning disorders.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

“…To date, beyond learning disorders, PS deficits are most consistently associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in the mental health literature [27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38] . Some studies show that children with ADHD have lower PS scores than those with other clinical disorders, indicating PS has potential to help inform diagnosis 27,28 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some research has shown that all three presentations have similar PS deficits, indicating that PS is not a differentiating factor within ADHD presentations [29][30][31][32] . Others have found that ADHD-C and ADHD-I are both associated with PS deficits 28, 33 , while many have indicated that only children with ADHD-I demonstrated PS deficits [34][35][36][37][38]40 . Of note, inattention has been specifically associated with PS deficits when treated as a dimensional symptom, as well as reading deficits [41][42][43] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PS deficits have been appreciated in mental health disorders beyond ADHD. Most notably, PS deficits have been explored in the pediatric autism spectrum disorder (ASD) literature 7,8,33,[44][45][46] , where specific associations with global functioning 47 and general executive functioning deficits 7,48-50 have been recognized. A few studies have reported that PS deficits in ASD remain even after controlling for general intelligence 2,51 , while other studies have failed to find any evidence of PS deficits either way 52,53 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Associations between Processing Speed and Psychopathology in a Transdiagnostic, Pediatric Sample

Kramer

Koo

Restrepo

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Processing speed and psychopathology 2 ABSTRACT Objective. The present study sought to examine the relationships between processing speed (PS), mental health disorders, and learning disorders. Prior work has tended to explore relationships between PS deficits and individual diagnoses (i.e., anxiety, autism, ADHD, depressive) in isolation of one another, often relying on relatively modest sample sizes. In contrast, the present work simultaneously investigated associations between PS deficits and these diagnoses, along with specific learning disabilities (i.e., reading, math), in a large-scale, transdiagnostic, community self-referred sample. Method. A total of 843 children, ages 8-16were included from the Healthy Brain Network (HBN) Biobank. Given the presence of four PS tasks in HBN, principal component analysis (PCA) was employed to create a composite measure that represented the shared variance of the four PS tasks, referred to as PC1.Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) between the four PS measures, as well as PC1, were calculated to assess reliability. We then used multiple linear regression models to assess specific relationships between PS deficits and psychiatric diagnoses. Results. ICCs were moderate between WISC-V tasks (0.663), and relatively modest between NIH Toolbox Pattern Comparison and other PS scales (0.14-0.27). Regression analyses revealed specific significant relationships between PS and reading and math disabilities, ADHD-inattentive type (ADHD-I), and ADHD-combined type (ADHD-C). Secondary analyses accounting for inattention dimensionally diminished associations with ADHD-C, but not ADHD-I or specific learning disability subtypes. The present study did not find a significant relationship with Autism Spectrum Disorder after accounting for inattentive symptoms. Consistent with prior work, demographic variables, including sex, socioeconomic status, and motor control exhibited independent relationships with PC1 as well. Discussion. This study provided a comprehensive examination of PS, mental health disorders, and learning disabilities through a transdiagnostic approach. Implications for understanding how PS interacts with a highly Processing speed and psychopathology 3 heterogeneous childhood sample, as well as the need for increased focus on detection of affected populations are discussed. Processing speed and psychopathologyIn this study, using the large-scale, transdiagnostic sample being generated by the Child Mind Institute Healthy Brain Network (HBN) Biobank, we provide a comprehensive examination of associations between PS deficits and mental health disorders. Given that to date, there is no gold standard assessment of PS, we leverage the presence of the four assessments of PS in HBN (NIH Toolbox Pattern Comparison Task (NIH PC), Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, Fifth Edition (WISC-V) Symbol Search, WISC-V Coding, and a computerized Processing speed and psychopathology 7 adaptation of WISC-IV Symbol Search) to improve the robustness of our assessment of PS.Specifically, we u...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Associations between Processing Speed and Psychopathology in a Transdiagnostic, Pediatric Sample

Kramer

Koo

Restrepo

et al. 2019

Preprint

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show abstract

“…The participants with ≥80 intelligence quotient score (full-scale IQ) were included, but children who had co-morbid psychiatric symptoms or histories of ADHD (Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder), epilepsy, depression, or brain injury were ruled out ( 22 ). All the participants were first evaluated using the Autism Behavior Checklist (ABC), which is widely used as an ASD screening tool in China ( 23 ). This checklist is suitable for screening of populations aged between 8 months to 28 years old.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prenatal Progestin Exposure Is Associated With Autism Spectrum Disorders

et al. 2018

Front. Psychiatry

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We have previously reported that prenatal progestin exposure induces autism-like behavior in offspring through ERβ (estrogen receptor β) suppression in the brain, indicating that progestin may induce autism spectrum disorders (ASD). In this study, we aim to investigate whether prenatal progestin exposure is associated with ASD. A population-based case-control epidemiology study was conducted in Hainan province of China. The ASD children were first screened with the Autism Behavior Checklist (ABC) questionnaire, and then diagnosed by clinical professionals using the ASD diagnosis criteria found in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-V). Eventually, 235 cases were identified as ASD from 37863 children aged 0–6 years old, and 682 matched control subjects with typically developing children were selected for the analysis of potential impact factors on ASD prevalence using multivariate logistic regression. Our data show that the ASD prevalence rate in Hainan was 0.62% with a boy:girl ratio of 5.4:1. Interestingly, we found that the following factors were strongly associated with ASD prevalence: use of progestin to prevent threatened abortion, use of progestin contraceptives at the time of conception, and prenatal consumption of progestin-contaminated seafood during the first trimester of pregnancy. All the above factors were directly or indirectly involved with prenatal progestin exposure. Additionally, we conducted in vivo experiments in rats to further confirm our findings. Either endogenous (progesterone) or synthetic progestin (norethindrone)-treated seafood zebrafish were used to feed pregnant dams, and the subsequent offspring showed autism-like behavior, which further demonstrated that prenatal progestin exposure may induce ASD. We conclude that prenatal progestin exposure may be associated with ASD development.

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The effect of recasting by mothers with different conversational styles on the communication behavior of autistic children: Lag sequential analysis

Li,

Peng,

et al. 2023

Autism Research

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Recasting is the adult rephrasing of a child's immediately preceding utterance. It has been shown to have outstanding effects on promoting language development in autistic children. This study used lag sequential analysis to explore the impact of mothers' conversational styles on the communicative behavior of autistic children when using recasting. This study recruited 30 Chinese autistic children (aged 3–6 years) and their mothers. The utterances of the children and their mothers during 30‐min interactions were transcribed, coded, and analyzed. The mothers' conversational styles were determined by the percentages of child‐dominant, mother‐dominant, and equality styles. The results indicated that mothers' conversational styles were predominantly child‐dominant, differing from the expected mother‐dominant style that is typical in Eastern cultures and traditions. However, some mothers still demonstrated a significant proportion of mother‐dominant style in their conversation, while some exhibited a considerable amount of equality style. Moreover, mothers with a mainly child‐dominant style and minimal use of mother‐dominant and equality styles used recasting after the child's response, triggering the child to initiate new topics. Mothers with a child‐dominant style combined with prominent mother‐dominant features implemented untargeted self‐recasting, the children did not respond significantly. Mothers with a child‐dominant style combined with prominent equality features used recasting after the children responded, initiated, or expanded the conversation, which often facilitated the child's expansion of the conversation. These findings provide suggestions for designing parent‐mediated early language interventions for autistic children.

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Intelligence profiles of Chinese school-aged boys with high-functioning ASD and ADHD

Cited by 19 publications

References 38 publications

Associations between Processing Speed and Psychopathology in a Transdiagnostic, Pediatric Sample

Associations between Processing Speed and Psychopathology in a Transdiagnostic, Pediatric Sample

Prenatal Progestin Exposure Is Associated With Autism Spectrum Disorders

The effect of recasting by mothers with different conversational styles on the communication behavior of autistic children: Lag sequential analysis

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