Intelligence quotient (IQ) in adolescence and later risk of alcohol‐related hospital admissions and deaths—37‐year follow‐up of Swedish conscripts

Sjölund, Sara; Allebeck, Peter; Hemmingsson, Tomas

doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2011.03544.x

Cited by 32 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Of particular relevance to this report is a prior study of the association between IQ and future alcohol-related outcomes in Sweden based on the same conscript sample (examined in 1969-1970) we used above (Sjolund et al, 2012). They reported their results per 1-point change on a 9-point stanine scale and found HRs of 1.21 and 1.29 for alcohol-related hospitalization and death, respectively, for each 1-point decrease in IQ on the stanine scale.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…N INVERSE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN measures of cognitive ability in adolescence and risk of future heavy alcohol use and alcohol use disorder (AUD) has been reported in many studies (Crum et al, 1993;Finn & Hall, 2004;Hawkins et al, 1992;Huurre et al, 2010;Sjolund et al, 2012) but not all (Crum et al, 2006;Grant et al, 2015;Hatch et al, 2007;Maggs et al, 2008). However, if present, the causal nature of this association is unclear.…”

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confidence: 94%

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School Achievement, IQ, and Risk of Alcohol Use Disorder: A Prospective, Co-Relative Analysis in a Swedish National Cohort

Kendler

Sundquist

2017

J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs

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ABSTRACT. Objective:Most studies suggest that poor cognitive functioning in adolescence increases risk of alcohol use disorders (AUDs). We seek to clarify the causes of this association. Method: In Swedish individuals born from 1972 to 1990 in whom cognitive functioning was assessed by school achievement at age 16 years (males and females, N = 1,796,048) and by IQ at ages 18-20 (males, N = 554,644), we examined the hazard ratio (HR) for AUD ascertained from public registries. We examined and modeled risk of AUD in cousins, full siblings, and monozygotic twin pairs discordant for school achievement and IQ scores. Drugs, 78, 186-194, 2017)

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 94%

School Achievement, IQ, and Risk of Alcohol Use Disorder: A Prospective, Co-Relative Analysis in a Swedish National Cohort

Kendler

Sundquist

2017

J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs

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“…The integrity of brain networks underlying the inverse relation between intelligence and temporal discounting behavior might thus be a protective factor against the development of addictive behavior, such as substance abuse (Sjolund, Allebeck, & Hemmingsson, 2012). This is of particular relevance for adolescent development: Given the maturational gap of the prefrontal top-down control circuitry lagging behind the develop-yet-to-mature prefrontal regulatory functions are vulnerable to subcortical circuitryʼs heightened sensitivity to rewarding stimuli, such as alcohol, illicit drug, or risky activities, that elicit high motivational or affective valences (Crone & Dahl, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Common Neural Correlates of Intertemporal Choices and Intelligence in Adolescents

Ripke¹,

Hübner²,

Mennigen³

et al. 2015

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience

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Converging behavioral evidence indicates that temporal discounting, measured by intertemporal choice tasks, is inversely related to intelligence. At the neural level, the parieto-frontal network is pivotal for complex, higher-order cognitive processes. Relatedly, underrecruitment of the pFC during a working memory task has been found to be associated with steeper temporal discounting. Furthermore, this network has also been shown to be related to the consistency of intertemporal choices. Here we report an fMRI study that directly investigated the association of neural correlates of intertemporal choice behavior with intelligence in an adolescent sample (n = 206; age 13.7-15.5 years). After identifying brain regions where the BOLD response during intertemporal choice was correlated with individual differences in intelligence, we further tested whether BOLD responses in these areas would mediate the associations between intelligence, the discounting rate, and choice consistency. We found positive correlations between BOLD response in a value-independent decision network (i.e., dorsolateral pFC, precuneus, and occipital areas) and intelligence. Furthermore, BOLD response in a value-dependent decision network (i.e., perigenual ACC, inferior frontal gyrus, ventromedial pFC, ventral striatum) was positively correlated with intelligence. The mediation analysis revealed that BOLD responses in the value-independent network mediated the association between intelligence and choice consistency, whereas BOLD responses in the value-dependent network mediated the association between intelligence and the discounting rate. In summary, our findings provide evidence for common neural correlates of intertemporal choice and intelligence, possibly linked by valuation as well as executive functions.

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“…The IQ of a child may be thus apparently influenced by parental SES, where this is more likely to be due to some heritability of IQ. This is also confirmed by two studies of Scandinavian men, where a link between IQ and drinking problems was accounted for by socio-economic factors (123,124).…”

Section: Birth Weightsupporting

confidence: 65%

Comorbid alcohol and mental health disorders: a longitudinal analysis of development to young adulthood

Salom¹

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Background:Alcohol is the most widely consumed of the psychoactive substances and was responsible in 2012 for nearly 6% of all global deaths. Disorders of alcohol use are highly comorbid with mental health disorders and create a significant health burden: the two are responsible for 183.9 million DALYs annually. The majority of this burden of disease falls on young adults, and despite the poorer prognosis and more frequent relapse that characterise this condition, information on early life factors associated with its development is limited. Data provided by large scale population studies and reports on clinical samples are valuable but are limited by the lack of prospective measures or cannot be generalised due to sample specificity. Although predictors of alcohol use disorders and mental health disorders have separately been widely studied, their application to comorbidity is not straightforward. Aims:This study has three main aims:1. To describe the prevalence, types and onset of comorbidities of mental health and alcohol use disorders in young Australians; 2. To understand factors from different phases of the life span which may predict the onset of comorbidity or be affected by it, and which may present targets for intervention; and 3. To consider the role of alcohol in the context of illicit substance and mental health comorbidities.In this context, this research program aims to explore factors which may distinguish comorbidity from its constituent disorders. Methods:Data from this study were drawn predominantly from the Mater-University of Queensland Study of Pregnancy (MUSP), a pre-birth linked cohort of mothers and children begun in 1981. The baseline sample of 7223 pregnancies comprising the original cohort was followed for twenty-one years, providing prospective measures of health and related factors for both mother and child. At twenty one years, structured psychiatric interviews of the offspring provided lifetime DSM-IV diagnoses of mental health, alcohol and other substance use disorders. The condition of interest, alcohol and mental health disorders which co-occurred within a 12-month period, was examined in light of important developmental factors ranging from pre-birth to late adolescence, using primarily ii multinomial logistic regression analyses. Additional data from the Healthy Neighbourhoods Study were analysed to examine potential markers of early-emerging co-occurring conditions in pre-adolescent students. Key findings:Comorbid alcohol and mental health disorders are highly prevalent at young adulthood, occurring in 12% of this representative sample. Indicators of this comorbidity may be detected in children as young as 10-14 years old. A number of factors distinguish the risk of comorbidity from that of single disorders. Socio-economic disadvantage derived from the family of origin contributes significantly to the risk of comorbidity, with risk increasing in a dose-response manner for multiple dimensions of disadvantage. Maternal smoking during pregnancy is also implicated, indep...

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Intelligence quotient (IQ) in adolescence and later risk of alcohol‐related hospital admissions and deaths—37‐year follow‐up of Swedish conscripts

Abstract: In Swedish men there is an association between IQ in early adulthood and later alcohol-related hospital admission and death. Social position as adult could be an important contributory factor.

Cited by 32 publications

References 27 publications

School Achievement, IQ, and Risk of Alcohol Use Disorder: A Prospective, Co-Relative Analysis in a Swedish National Cohort

School Achievement, IQ, and Risk of Alcohol Use Disorder: A Prospective, Co-Relative Analysis in a Swedish National Cohort

Common Neural Correlates of Intertemporal Choices and Intelligence in Adolescents

Comorbid alcohol and mental health disorders: a longitudinal analysis of development to young adulthood

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