Intelligence Structure and Personality in Various Types of Physical Handicap in Childhood and Adolescence

Steinhausen, Hans-Christoph; Wefers, D.

doi:10.1055/s-0028-1091632

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Apparently the cognitive deficiency is associated with the bodily disproportion or handicap rather than with short stature. It appears to be a nonspecific effect that is also observed in other forms of physical handicap [Steinhausen and Wefers, 1976;Wasserman, 19841. Many of our children with achondroplasia had middle ear problems.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Cognitive skills in achondroplasia

Brinkmann¹,

Schlitt²,

Zorowka³

et al. 1993

Am. J. Med. Genet.

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Increased intracranial pressure and ventricular and subarachnoidal dilatation are common manifestations in achondroplasia. They rarely lead to major neurologic and/or psychomotor deficits and neurosurgical intervention is seldom needed. The present study was undertaken to detect signs of minor cerebral dysfunction and discuss possibilities of their prevention. Thirty children with achondroplasia were compared to 3 control groups: their next-born sibs, 30 children with other forms of dwarfism, and 30 children with normal height. Early development was assessed by means of questionnaires. Cognitive skills were evaluated with the German version of the Cognitive Abilities Test and the Lorge-Thorndike Intelligence Test. Personality data were tested using standardized neuroticism, extraversion, and anxiety scales. Children with achondroplasia had more frequent histories of delayed motor development, retarded speech development, and lower school grades in language-related specialties. Psychometric testing disclosed total and subtest scores in the population-based normal range. In comparison with their sibs and matched controls children with achondroplasia had significantly lower total scores mainly caused by low scores in the subtest "verbal comprehension." We conclude that verbal comprehension is significantly impaired in children with achondroplasia. This partial deficiency is probably related to frequent middle ear infections and resulting conductive hearing loss. Hypotonia with delayed oropharyngeal muscle coordination and parental response to an altered, more infantile instinctive releasing pattern may be contributing factors.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Cognitive skills in achondroplasia

Brinkmann¹,

Schlitt²,

Zorowka³

et al. 1993

Am. J. Med. Genet.

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“…Similarly, the idea that there is a psychosomatic cause for many chronic diseases has also been challenged (Graham, Rutter, Yule & Pless, 1967;Moos, 1979). In contrast there is abundant evidence that cerebral involvement (especially mental retardation), is an important predictor of emotional problems (Rutter et al, 1970;Steinhausen & Wefers, 1976;Breslau & Marshall, 1985;Breslau, 1985), and some evidence that children with sensory impairments may also be at increased risk (Pless & Satterwhite, 1975a;Pless, 1984a,b). Rutter et al 's (1970) analysis ofthe Isle of Wight survey data appears to have been the first to focus on the distinction between disorders that involve the brain and those that do not.…”

Section: Type Of Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Revision, Replication and Neglect—Research on Maladjustment in Chronic Illness

Pless

Nolan

1991

Child Psychology Psychiatry

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Children with chronic physical disorders have twice the risk of psychosocial maladjustment compared with healthy children. This "second handicap" poses a significant mental health problem. This review examines factors related to the child, family, and clinical condition that affect the risk of maladjustment, as well as the manner in which this knowledge has influenced intervention strategies. Much of the research reviewed represents replication of what is already known and important areas of enquiry have been neglected. Investigators are urged to work towards the further identification of high risk characteristics and to apply these to the development and evaluation of new preventive and therapeutic approaches for these children and their families.

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“…Studies assessing psychological profiles of GH-IGF-1 deficient/resistant humans and rodents have reported levels of intellectual capability varying from mental retardation to exceptional performance (Laron 1999;Meyer-Bahlburg et al 1978;Sartorio et al 1986;Frankel and Laron 1968;Galatzer et al 1993;Kinney et al 2001a,b;Kinney-Forshee et al 2004). Drotar et al (1980) reported that GH deficient children were ineffective at problem-solving, while other studies have reported deficits in spatial orientation and visual motor integration Stahnke 1976, 1977;Steinhausen and Wefers 1976;Abbot et al 1982). Interestingly, many studies have reported normal intelligence and normal-to-good scholastic achievement for GH deficient/resistant children (Frisch et al 1990;Holmes et al 1984;Dean et al 1985;Sartorio et al 1986;Ranke 1987;Galatzer et al 1987;Kranzler et al 1998).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The aging brain: is function dependent on growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor-1 signaling?

Forshee

2006

AGE

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The role of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in normal brain function is not well understood. Studies looking at cognition in humans with GH deficiency have produced controversial results. Experiments in which GH is administered to rodents have shown an apparent improvement in learning and memory. However, studies in which GH deficient or resistant mice were tested in learning and memory tasks reveal that these animals have normal cognitive performance and that their neural function does not deteriorate with age at the same rate as their normal siblings. Further research into this phenomenon revealed that these animals have elevated GH and IGF-1 expression in the hippocampus compared to normal animals. Additional studies with GH deficient and resistant mice suggested that these mutants experience a delay in age-related decline in locomotor activity and exploratory behavior. Data indicate that GH/IGF-1 deficiency and resistance do not impair neural function and instead may offer some degree of protection that results in delayed cognitive and motor aging.

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Intelligence Structure and Personality in Various Types of Physical Handicap in Childhood and Adolescence

Cited by 7 publications

References 3 publications

Cognitive skills in achondroplasia

Cognitive skills in achondroplasia

Revision, Replication and Neglect—Research on Maladjustment in Chronic Illness

The aging brain: is function dependent on growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor-1 signaling?

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