At present, more and more sports science and technology are being explored and applied in competitive sports. The birth and popularization of video tracking and capturing technology have provided more fair and just perspectives for many sports events. Track linear capture can replay the player’s behavior in real time, the flight path of the badminton can be analyzed in 3D stereoscopic analysis, and the ball’s motion trajectory can be calculated more accurately. In this paper, an objective trajectory tracking and prediction model is constructed based on the motion cognition algorithm, and the motion characteristics of the objective are extracted from the limited historical trajectory of the objective to achieve more accurate trajectory tracking. Then, the trajectory tracking model is applied to the objective tracking framework to obtain ideal objective tracking results. At the same time, in order to make use of the interaction between scene information and objective, this paper improves the trajectory tracking model. The trajectory prediction model based on neural network is constructed, which learns the pedestrian motion characteristics from the pedestrian trajectory data of the target tracking scene offline and uses its “memory” online to generate the implicit depth motion characteristics of the target according to the limited historical information of the target. It also predicts the most likely location of the future target and calculates the motion similarity between the targets. Finally, a simulation experiment platform is built to prove the effectiveness of the trajectory tracking model and objective tracking algorithm proposed in this paper. Through the research results of this paper, it can play a role in verifying the referee’s judgment on the penalty of some key balls, which is more conducive to maintaining the fairness of the game, and more helpful for athletes to optimize their exercise results according to scientific basis, and has the function of improving their performance.