Intelligent Detection Method of Atrial Fibrillation by CEPNCC-BiLSTM Based on Long-Term Photoplethysmography Data

Abstract

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most prevalent arrhythmia characterized by intermittent and asymptomatic episodes. However, traditional detection methods often fail to capture the sporadic and intricate nature of AF, resulting in an increased risk of false-positive diagnoses. To address these challenges, this study proposes an intelligent AF detection and diagnosis method that integrates Complementary Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition, Power-Normalized Cepstral Coefficients, Bi-directional Long Short-term Memory (CEPNCC-BiLSTM), and photoelectric volumetric pulse wave technology to enhance accuracy in detecting AF. Compared to other approaches, the proposed method demonstrates faster preprocessing efficiency and higher sensitivity in detecting AF while effectively filtering out false alarms from photoplethysmography (PPG) recordings of non-AF patients. Considering the limitations of conventional AF detection evaluation systems that lack a comprehensive assessment of efficiency and accuracy, this study proposes the ET-score evaluation system based on F-measurement, which incorporates both computational speed and accuracy to provide a holistic assessment of overall performance. Evaluated with the ET-score, the CEPNCC-BiLSTM method outperforms EEMD-based improved Power-Normalized Cepstral Coefficients and Bi-directional Long Short-term Memory (EPNCC-BiLSTM), Support Vector Machine (SVM), EPNCC-SVM, and CEPNCC-SVM methods. Notably, this approach achieves an outstanding accuracy rate of up to 99.2% while processing PPG recordings within 5 s, highlighting its potential for long-term AF monitoring.