Intelligent fault isolation and diagnosis for communication satellite systems

Detecting Spacecraft Anomalies Using LSTMs and Nonparametric Dynamic Thresholding

“…Simple forms of anomaly detection consist of out-of-limits (OOL) approaches which use predefined thresholds and raw data values to detect anomalies. A myriad of other anomaly detection techniques have been introduced and explored as potential improvements over OOL approaches, such as clustering-based approaches [15,24,28], nearest neighbors approaches [3,6,23,25], expert systems [7,34,36,43], and dimensionality reduction approaches [14,39,45], among others. These approaches represent a general improvement over OOL approaches and have been shown to be effective in a variety of use cases, yet each has its own disadvantages related to parameter specification, interpretability, generalizability, or computational expense [9,16] (see [9] for a survey of anomaly detection approaches).…”

“…Numerous anomaly detection approaches mentioned in the previous section have been applied to spacecraft. Expert systems have been used with numerous spacecraft [7,11,36,43], notably the ISACS-DOC (Intelligent Satellite Control Software DOCtor) with the Hayabusa, Nozomi, and Geotail missions [34]. Nearest neighbor based approaches have been used repeatedly to detect anomalies on board the Space Shuttle and the International Space Station [3,23], as well as the XMM-Newton satellite [32].…”