The fusion of industry and education plays a pivotal role in optimizing talent training structures, facilitating the conversion of scientific and technological achievements, and driving the upgrade and high-quality growth of the economy. This study applies a clustering algorithm, a form of data mining, to categorize students based on personality traits, learning capabilities, and career preferences. This categorization aids vocational institutions in selecting suitable corporate partners for training programs. Furthermore, we introduce a collaborative filtering algorithm to establish a bipartite graph that matches the attributes of students and companies. This approach enhances the practical skills of students and supports the strategic integration of industry and education in talent development. After the experimental research, it was found that after the implementation of the senior industry-teaching integration talent cultivation measurement rate, the average score of the higher vocational education improvement status is 4.20, the average score of the industry’s satisfaction with the higher vocational is 3.35, and the average score of the higher vocational talent cultivation characteristics is 4.41, which indicates that the industry-teaching integration education model constructed in this paper can effectively promote the formation of the characteristics of the higher vocational schooling and talent cultivation. By integrating industry teaching, this paper’s parenting model can help change the vocational faculty structure and improve student employment rates.