Intelligent modeling and optimization of emulsion aggregation method for producing green printing ink

Abstract

In this study, Artificial intelligence method was used as a new approach in modelling and optimization of printing toners with appropriate requirements. Toner fine powder is made up of resin, colorant and additives. This composite has been utilized in electrophotographic digital printing. The optimization approach has been considered for optimizing of toner production process and to produce printing toners with an appropriate physical and color properties (particle size (PS), particle size distribution (PSD), L*, a*, b*) by an environmental friendly method which is emulsion aggregation (EA). The EA is a green technology that provides many advantages for toner production pathway and lead to high quality product and printing. The effect of heating rate (R), time of mixing (T), and mixing rate (S) on PS, PSD, and L*, a*, b* has been studied. An in-home code was established to optimize the architecture of artificial neural network (ANN) with two hidden layers, by which an accurate model was developed for the prediction of toner properties. The best process conditions with acceptable characteristics of manufacturing toners was obtained by multi-objective optimization in specified amounts of heating rate, mixing time, and mixing rate

Intelligent modeling and optimization of titanium surface etching for dental implant application

“…The following equation [Eq. ( 1 )] was used to normalize input variables in rang of [–1, + 1]: where Xi is a normalized value of input variable xi, x min is minimum value of target functions and x max is the maximum one 39 , 45 .…”

“…Model accuracy for response prediction was measured by mean of squared error (MSE) criterion 49 , 50 as noted in Eq. ( 3 ) 39 , 46 , 47 , 51 . where n is the number of samples, Y i and are experimental and predicted value of response for sample i.…”

Aplikasi Karbon Aktif Cangkang Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guineensis) sebagai Pigmen Toner Hitam pada Elektrofotografi dengan Polimer Stirena Akrilik-Vinil Pirrolidine

“…Partikel yang lebih kecil cocok untuk resolusi tinggi, sedangkan partikel yang lebih besar mungkin lebih baik untuk aliran toner. Namun, ukuran partikel yang optimal harus seimbang untuk memastikan kesesuaian dalam pemindahan dan pencucian, serta untuk mencapai kualitas pencetakan yang diinginkan [31]. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa kadar air karbon aktif berkurang selama proses pemanasan dua kali saat aktivasi, selama 3 jam berturut-turut, proses pemanasan mengurangi kadar air karena efek dehidrasi, di mana air menempel atau terikat pada permukaan dan mengisi ruang dalam pori-pori selama proses adsorpsi [32,s33].…”

Preparing poly styrene-co-acrylic acid and recycled waste magnetite composite from concrete industry as a printing ink

“…Emulsion aggregation (EA), the developed technique by the Xerox Corporation Ltd. was a chemically controlled process with the power to yield toners with smaller particle size, narrower dispersion and uniform shape. This technique is environmental-friendly concerning both the process and the final product 23 which has demonstrated a reduction in the amount of energy per pound of produced toner composite.…”