“…6,31,33 From transfer function models to nonlinear and adaptive controllers, 6,33 there are myriad methodologies for modeling vehicle lateral control (steering), longitudinal control (acceleration and braking), and combined control. These models can be used to simulate human drivers when testing new vehicle designs and technologies, 6,33 and despite the complexity of human behavior, low order models are often sufficient for many control tasks. 34 In our prior work, we introduced 8 and performed a stability analysis 35 on a low-order model inspired by MacAdam 31 that can be used to simulate human steering behavior in a teleoperated navigation task in the presence of latency.…”