Aiming at the problem of low response speed and unbalanced distribution of data resources of production process (DRPP) for the distributed workshop production environment, an optimization scheduling method of DRPP based on a multicommunity cooperative search algorithm is proposed. A heuristic data resource service scheduling framework including a load manager and dynamic scheduling engine is first built to deal with the uncertainty of data resource service response and the imbalance of resource allocation; a core scheduling optimization mathematical model with the objectives: resource service efficiency, reduced response time, and load balancing, is established. Then, a multicommunity cooperative search algorithm for the scheduling model is presented, and the mapping relationship between the particle position vector and resource allocation is established via binary coding. Thus, the optimization algorithm is mapped to discrete data space, and the multicommunity bidirectional driving evolutionary mechanism is used to realize the cooperative and interactive search between common and model community, which enhances the adaptability of the algorithm to dynamic random scheduling tasks. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by an example of multiprocess quality prediction service scheduling in silk production process, which provides an effective means for solving the complex scheduling problem of production process data.