“…In addition, researchers have used technologies originally developed for mobile robots to create smart wheelchairs that reduce the physical, perceptual, and cognitive skills necessary to operate a power wheelchair for individuals with severe dysfunction disorders such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), spinal cord injury (SCI), and muscle dystrophy (MS) [13,49]. Different kinds of input methods, such as joysticks [2,50], voice commands [51,52], the sip-and-puff interface [6], BCI [9,10,17,43], the tongue drive system (TDS) [7,8,[32][33][34][35], the head gesture based interface (HGI) [53,54], the eye-controlled interface [3,39,[55][56][57][58][59][60][61], the EMG-based interface [62,63], and the multimodal interface [64,65], have been used in EPW HMI to accommodate the disabled. Some examples of the remarkable technological advances in EPW HMI methodology in recent years are shown in detail in Figure 8.…”