Intense transient electric field sensor based on the electro-optic effect of LiNbO3

Yang, Qing; Sun, Shangpeng; Han, Rui; Sima, Wenxia; Liu, Tong

doi:10.1063/1.4934720

Cited by 34 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Electro-optical (EO) technologies have arised in the last decades since they hold the use of ferroelectric materials which modulate an optical carrier as a function of the applied E-field, getting rid of electric coupling and EM inducted currents which compromise the integrity of the sensors 1 . This galvanic isolation allows the generation of devices that minimally perturb the measuring E-field and that are robust to intense pulses, in addition to present wide bandwidth extending from 1 Hz to decades of GHz 7 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most of the existing E-field sensors based on ferroelectric materials employ Mach Zehnder (MZ) or polarization state modulation schemes based on EO-crystals such as bismuth germanium oxide (BGO), potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP), zinc telluride (ZnTe) or lithium niobate (LN) 7,8 . However, the use of these bulk crystals often requires large sensing lengths, in the order of milimeters, which sets a limitation in terms of frequency bandwidth, spatial resolution and E-field perturbation 6 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An ultra wideband-high spatial resolution-compact electric field sensor based on Lab-on-Fiber technology

Calero

Suárez

Salut

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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Non-intrusive, wide bandwidth and spatial resolution are terms often heard in electric field sensing. Despite of the fact that conventional electromagnetic field probes (EMF) can exhibit notable functional performances, they fail in terms of perturbation of the E-field due to their loaded metallic structure. In addition, even though electro-optical technology offers an alternative, it requires large interaction lenghts which severely limit the sensing performances in terms of bandwidth and spatial resolution. Here, we focus on miniaturizing the interaction volume, photon lifetime and device footprint by taking advantage of the combination of lithium niobate (LN), Lab-on-Fiber technologies and photonic crystals (PhC). We demonstrate the operation of an all-dielectric E-field sensor whose ultra-compact footprint is inscribed in a 125 μm-diameter circle with an interaction area smaller than 19 μm × 19 μm and light propagation length of 700 nm. This submicrometer length provides outstanding bandwidth flatness, in addition to be promising for frequency detection beyond the THz. Moreover, the minituarization also provides unique features such as spatial resolution under 10 μm and minimal perturbation to the E-field, accompanied by great linearity with respect to the E-field strength. All these specifications, summarized to the high versatibility of Lab-on-Fiber technology, lead to a revolutionary and novel fibered E-field sensor which can be adapted to a broad range of applications in the fields of telecommunications, health and military.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An ultra wideband-high spatial resolution-compact electric field sensor based on Lab-on-Fiber technology

Calero

Suárez

Salut

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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“…The relative positions of the working point and the corresponding phase ϕ o could be calculated 14 as shown in Fig. 6(c), 6(d), 6(e), and 6(f).…”

Section: B Temperature Dependence Of Working Point Drift Of the Voltmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature characteristics of Pockels electro-optic voltage sensor with double crystal compensation

et al. 2016

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Voltage sensors based on the Pockels electro-optic effect in LiNbO 3 crystals have been applied to practical engineering measurements because of their passive nature, wide operating bands, and low transmission loss. However, the temperature of the measurement environment can greatly affect the dynamic responses of these sensors because the natural birefringence of a single LiNbO 3 crystal voltage sensor (SVS) is related to its temperature. To improve the stability of this sensor over a wide temperature range, a double crystal compensation method is introduced in this paper to compensate for the natural birefringence of the SVS. A double LiNbO 3 crystal voltage sensor (DVS) was fabricated, and its working point drift characteristics and amplitude-frequency response were investigated over the temperature range from 0 • C to 50• C. The effects of two intrinsic parameters of the LiNbO 3 crystal were also investigated. Comparison between an existing SVS and the proposed DVS showed that the DVS resisted environmental temperature fluctuations more strongly. C 2016 Author(s). All article content, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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“…At the operational wavelength λ = 632.8 nm, the electro-optic coefficient of BGO (r 41 ) is smaller than those for LiNbO 3 (r 33 , r 13 , r 22 ) [4]. Therefore, the size of an OVS using BGO must be relatively larger in order to obtain a measurable phase shift and a good SNR [6]; in turn, it is possible to significantly reduce the size of the LiNbO 3 Pockels cells. Consequently, when a LiNbO 3 crystal is inserted between parallel electrodes, its small dimensions allow the effect of stray lines produced by the electric field near the electrode edges to be minimized, thereby, improving dynamic range, sensitivity and robustness of the sensor.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Real-Time Polarimetric Optical High-Voltage Sensor Using Phase-Controlled Demodulation

Pereira

Galeti

Higuti

et al. 2018

J. Lightwave Technol.

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Modern smart grid designs demand reliable sensors throughout the power delivery systems, not only to monitor the quality of the electrical energy generated by different technologies (wind, solar, hydroelectric, thermoelectric, nuclear), but also as an integral part of the generation, transmission, and distribution networks control systems. Laser polarimetric interferometry is a very suitable technique for the implementation of high sensitivity measurement instruments for various physical quantities, in particular, for high-voltage sensing. However, because the polarimetric technique is extremely sensitive to small refractive indexes variations induced in electro-optic materials by the electric field or voltage to be measured, it is also sensitive to spurious environmental quantities such as temperature variations. In this work, a novel optical voltage sensor (OVS) in conjunction with an efficient real-time method for optical phase demodulation and a PI feedback control method for signal fading suppression is demonstrated. Linearity for sinusoidal voltages having amplitudes up to 8.2 kV was evaluated, with an accuracy of 0.2% in the OVS nominal operating range. The OVS bandwidth of 5 kHz is sufficient for most electrical power quality sensor applications. Nonsinusoidal signals with high harmonic content were tested resulting in a total harmonic distortion that differed by only 0.12% from that measured by an HV reference probe. Responses to transient disturbances were also determined, showing the capability of the system to detect spikes.

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Intense transient electric field sensor based on the electro-optic effect of LiNbO3

Cited by 34 publications

References 19 publications

An ultra wideband-high spatial resolution-compact electric field sensor based on Lab-on-Fiber technology

An ultra wideband-high spatial resolution-compact electric field sensor based on Lab-on-Fiber technology

Temperature characteristics of Pockels electro-optic voltage sensor with double crystal compensation

Real-Time Polarimetric Optical High-Voltage Sensor Using Phase-Controlled Demodulation

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