Intensification: a Late Pleistocene‐Holocene archaeological sequence from Southwestern Victoria

Lourandos, Harry

doi:10.1002/arco.1983.18.2.81

Cited by 210 publications

(115 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…It is estimated that this pattern emerged in the mid-to-late Holocene and is associated with fundamental structural changes in the archaeological record, including increases in the rates of site establishment and use, evidenced by increases in discard of cultural materials, particularly stone artefacts; changes in stone artefact technologies, rock art styles and fishing technologies; the increased use of some marginal landscapes, such as offshore islands and the arid zone; changes in resource use, including the intensive utilisation of new foods such as cycads, cereals and some marine resources; evidence for long-distance exchange networks; an increase in the establishment of bounded cemeteries; and increased external contact, evidenced by the introduction of the dingo, fishhooks and some forms of watercraft (e.g. Beaton 1982;Bowdler 1981;David 2002; Flood 1980Flood , 1999Flood et al 1987;Godwin 1997;Hiscock 1994;Lourandos 1980aLourandos , 1983Lourandos , 1985Lourandos , 1988Lourandos , 1993Lourandos , 1997Lourandos and Ross 1994;Mulvaney 1969;Smith 1986;White and O'Connell 1982).These changes have been variously explained by one or a combination of five main arguments: -as an artefact of site preservation factors, including differential destruction and visibility (e.g. Bird 1992;Fanning and Holdaway 2001;Godfrey 1989;Head 1983;O'Connor and Sullivan 1994a, 1994b;Rowland 1983Rowland , 1989); -as a product of environmental factors, particularly resource productivity and availability (e.g.…”

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confidence: 99%

Coastal Themes: An Archaeology of the Southern Curtis Coast, Queensland : An Archaeology of the Southern Curtis Coast, Queensland

Ulm¹

2006

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terra australis 24Terra Australis reports the results of archaeological and related research within the south and east of Asia, though mainly Australia, New Guinea and island Melanesia -lands that remained terra australis incognita to generations of prehistorians. Its subject is the settlement of the diverse environments in this isolated quarter of the globe by peoples who have maintained their discrete and traditional ways of life into the recent recorded or remembered past and at times into the observable present.Since the beginning of the series, the basic colour on the spine and cover has distinguished the regional distribution of topics as follows: ochre for Australia, green for New Guinea, red for South-East Asia and blue for the Pacific Islands. From 2001, issues with a gold spine will include conference proceedings, edited papers and monographs which in topic or desired format do not fit easily within the original arrangements. All volumes are numbered within the same series. List of volumes in Terra AustralisVolume 1: Burrill Lake and Currarong: Coastal Sites in Southern New South Wales. R.J. Lampert (1971) Volume 2: Ol Tumbuna: Archaeological Excavations in the Eastern Central Highlands, Papua New Guinea. J.P. White (1972) Volume 3 994.01Copyright of the text remains with the contributors/authors, 2006. This book is copyright in all countries subscribing to the Berne convention. Apart from any fair dealing for the purpose of private study, research, criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright Act, no part may be reproduced by any process without written permission. Inquiries should be made to the publisher. THE RESEARCH DOCUMENTED here represents the first systematic archaeological work in this area of the southeast Queensland coast and was undertaken as a major part of a larger, multicomponent project concerning archaeology and cultural heritage in the traditional country of Gooreng Gooreng speaking people. Sean's task was to build upon the results of exploratory site survey and excavation to address two key concerns. The first was the relationship of patterns of cultural change in his study area to those described elsewhere in southeast Queensland. The second was to ensure that any such comparisons were taphonomically well-founded, particularly with regard to the analytical integrity of the shell middens upon which he and other coastal researchers in Australia rely so heavily. Sean took to this task with a vengeance, closely surveying a large area of landscape and excavating an array of site types to provide himself with a solid sample of the archaeological variation thus revealed. Though most were not archaeologically rich, these sites provided substantial grist for Sean's taphonomic mill, prompting him to adapt conjoining techniques to work on bivalve shellfish -a simple but clever innovation -as well as to undertake much more sophisticated work on local variation in correction factors for the radiocarbon dating of marine shell. In the end, he was able to distil the three-phase cul...

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Coastal Themes: An Archaeology of the Southern Curtis Coast, Queensland : An Archaeology of the Southern Curtis Coast, Queensland

Ulm¹

2006

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“…Its survival is probably attributable to a combination of factors including reduced rainfall, poor drainage, cold air drainage from the Central Plateau into the upper Ouse Valley, high-nutrient status of the basalt soils and possibly Aboriginal burning (Thomas & Hope 1994, Jackson 1973, Kirkpatrick 1983, Kirkpatrick & Dickinson 1984. Aborigines are known to have occupied the Mersey Valley, 40 km to the northwest, throughout the Holocene (Lourandos 1983). The uniformity of representation of pollen percentage values for Eucalyptus spp.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eucalyptus spp. pollen transport across Liawenee Moor, on the Central Plateau of Tasmania

Shimeld¹,

Colhoun²

2001

PPRST

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Investigation of Eucalyptus spp. pollen transport modes on Liawenee Moor in Tasmania revealed that it is possible to separate woodland areas from areas of moor and heath vegetation. While most Eucalyptus spp. pollen is deposited locally, a relatively small component is distributed across treeless areas, where it behaves in a manner similar to the long-distance transported (LDT) pollen of rainforest and alpine conifer taxa. When deposited into lakes, the Eucalyptus spp. component of the terrestrial pollen is increased compared with local pollen. Knowledge of the percentage Eucalyptus spp. pollen values from extant vegetation communities and the LDT components of Eucalyptus spp. and rainforest-alpine conifer taxa is useful for palaeoecological interpretation of vegetation history from lake sediment cores.Applied to the 8000-year-long Camerons Lagoon record, the study confirms the treeless character of Liawenee Moor during the Holocene. The evidence indicates that the moorland has altered from grassy to heath, due to the impacts of grazing and burning associated with European pastoral practices, but that the boundaries between the moor and adjacent woodlands have remained stable.

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“…Although anthropologists generally agree that, so as to exploit a wide variety of resources, Aboriginal people were highly mobile within their clan or language territories, they tended to concentrate around active river valleys, flood plains, wetlands and coastal areas that were richest in food resources (Christie 1979;Lourandos 1980;Broome 2005). It is argued that it was socioeconomic evolution, driving population growth and sedentism, in part due to technology change, that helped stabilise and control staple resources, including the availability of tuberous roots (Lourandos 1983).…”

Section: (8) Grassland Distribution Linked To Patterns Of Aboriginal mentioning

confidence: 99%

A framework for testing the influence of Aboriginal burning on grassy ecosystems in lowland, mesic south–eastern Australia

Foreman¹

2016

Aust. J. Bot.

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Abstract. The complex interactions among climate, soils, fire and humans in the biogeography of natural grasslands has long been debated in Australia. On the one hand, ecological models assume the primacy of climate and soils. On the other, Aboriginal burning is hypothesised to have altered the entire continent since before the last glacial maximum. The present paper develops a framework to test for the 'fingerprint' of Aboriginal burning in lowland, mesic grassy ecosystems of south-eastern Australia, using ecological theory, and the ethno-historical record. It is clear that fire-stick farming was used to promote staple roots in south-eastern Australia and, in some instances, it has been shown to influence grassland-woodland boundaries. The framework comprises the following three evidence lines: (1) archival benchmarking and palaeoecology; (2) phytoecology; and (3) ethnology and archaeology. That fire-stick farming was likely instrumental in grassland formation and maintenance must be supported by evidence that shows that 'natural' grasslands exist in climatically-edaphically unexpected places, that fine-scale patterns and dynamics are at least partly due to fire and that the fire regime has been influenced by Aboriginal burning. Application of the framework indicated that widespread Aboriginal burning for staple foods likely extended the area of temperate grasslands and influenced their structure and function.

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Intensification: a Late Pleistocene‐Holocene archaeological sequence from Southwestern Victoria

Cited by 210 publications

References 33 publications

Coastal Themes: An Archaeology of the Southern Curtis Coast, Queensland : An Archaeology of the Southern Curtis Coast, Queensland

Coastal Themes: An Archaeology of the Southern Curtis Coast, Queensland : An Archaeology of the Southern Curtis Coast, Queensland

Eucalyptus spp. pollen transport across Liawenee Moor, on the Central Plateau of Tasmania

A framework for testing the influence of Aboriginal burning on grassy ecosystems in lowland, mesic south–eastern Australia

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