Intensification of convective heat transfer in water/ethylene glycol based nanofluids containing TiO2 nanoparticles

Heat transfer intensification using polyaniline based nanofluids: Preparation and application

“…However, it is found that the use of conventional oxidative polymerization method produces non uniform structures of PANI and hence, it may affect the properties of nanofluid. Further, number of authors reported the enhancement in the heat transfer characteristics of spherical nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes and carbon nanofiber based nanofluids [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. However, no work is reported on the study of heat transfer characteristics of conducting polymer fibers based nanofluids.…”

“…The properties such as density (r), thermal conductivity (k), viscosity (m), and specific heat (Cp) of nanofluids were used for determination of heat transfer coefficient of nanofluid which was determined using theoretical correlations reported in literature [8,[34][35][36][37]. The effective viscosity of nanofluid was predicted using well known Einstein correlation [8,[34][35][36].…”

“…The effective viscosity of nanofluid was predicted using well known Einstein correlation [8,[34][35][36]. The effective thermal conductivity calculation was carried out by using correlation reported in literature [34][35][36][37].…”

“…The effective thermal conductivity calculation was carried out by using correlation reported in literature [34][35][36][37]. Convective heat transfer coefficient characteristics were calculated by measuring the heat energy supplied, when the fluid flows with mass velocity 'm', the differential heat energy 'dq' can be calculated as using following equation [8,28,[34][35][36].…”

“…In comparison to micron sized particles, nanoparticles exhibit enhanced thermal properties. Several methods are available for the preparation of nanofluids using metal and metal oxide nanoparticles in the literature [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. There are important challenges in the preparation of nanofluids which includes, long term stability of suspension against sedimentation of particles, agglomeration of particles, Oswald ripening during in situ preparation of nanofluids, etc.…”