Intensification of low concentration alkaline pretreatment with planetary ball milling for efficient enzymatic saccharification of enset fiber (Ensete ventricosum)

Upcycling soybean meal through enzymatic conversion of insoluble fiber into soluble dietary fiber enhanced by ball milling

“…It is probably attributed from the mechanical forces of crushing and shearing exerted by the grinding balls on the fiber during the milling process. Research by Sitotaw et al (2023) on the impact of planetary ball milling on the physicochemical properties of fiber revealed that prolonged ball milling time leads to significant structural breakdown of the fiber, reducing its particle size and disrupting the typical longitudinal arrangement of…”

Mechanical pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass toward enzymatic/fermentative valorization

“…Three Cycles ( Wang et al., 2021 ) Walnut shell 450 rpm, 6h Min enzyme load (0.5 mL enzyme/g Biomass), <10% impurities. Three Cycles ( Wang et al., 2021 ) Corn stover B500 rpm, 1-3 h Ball milling reduced the recalcitrant nature of LCB Optimal conditions lead to 69.65% xylo-oligosaccharides ( Zhang et al, 2021 ) Wheat straw 1, 2, 3, and 4 h, 450 rpm CrI a reduced from 46% to 7.6%, Glucose yield increased up to 99.4% (delignification 79.2%) ( Liu et al, 2022 ) Aspen Enzymatic digestion assisted Reduced enzymatic hydrolysis time from 72 h to 24 h and buffer solution, 84.7% glucose yield (24 h) ( Wu et al., 2021 ) Cellulose + chitin Enzymatic digestion assisted Enzymatic digestion is boosted by mechanical forces rather than local heat ( Kobayashi et al., 2021 ) Enset fibers 15, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min, 200, 350, and 500 rpm Dry chemo-chemical treatments increased glucose yield to a max of 621.3 g Glucose/Kg raw material in 90 min ( Sitotaw et al., 2022 ) Sugarcane bagasse + Pennisetum 2 h, 400 rpm (Assisted with NaOH solutions) Bagasse max reducing sugar yield 40.75%, 4% NaOH, hydrothermal 100°C 40 min Pennisetum max reducing sugars 55.74%, 4% NaOH, hydrothermal 80°C 60 min ( Huang et al, 2019 ) Soy bean meal 400 rpm and 2, 5, 8, 10, and 20 min Best result at 5 min milling time, 34.1 times more sugars than untreated soybean and 2.5 times more sugar than commercially used soybean meal ( Navarro-Mtz et al., 2019 ) Corn stover 10, 20, 30, 60, and 120 min, 20°C Crystallinity reduced from 46.52 to 5.04 (120 min) Ball milling allowed enzymatic digestion at high solids load, max monomeric sugar concentration (120 min, 30% solids load, and 10 FPU) ( Lu et al, 2020 ) Olive pomace Several milling methods Highest methane production: sieving<0.9.>Ball milling > Knife milling Highest energy requirements: Ball milling and ultra-f...…”

“… Sitotaw et al. (2022) studied the possibility of using mechanochemical treatments to improve the performance of enzymatic treatments.…”

“…It was discovered that mechanical treatments improve cellulose release compared with untreated material. Furthermore, the mechanochemical approach improved sugar yield by up to 86%, which was quicker ( Sitotaw et al., 2022 ). Other researchers used mechanical treatments to increase corn stover saccharification by thread rolling.…”

Recent Advances in Mechanochemical Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Biomass

“…As it is well known, a biorefinery's viability requires using local biomass. In this context, Sitotaw et al [67] valorized Enset fibers (Table 3, Entry 8) from a local farm in Ethiopia for yielding glucose. The authors compared four different pretreatments: the first was an alkaline treatment of the biomass with solutions of NaOH (0.5 wt%) at 43 • C, the temperature inside the ball milling jars.…”