Intensification of Photobiocatalytic Decarboxylation of Fatty Acids for the Production of Biodiesel

Duong, Hong Thu; Wu, Yinqi; Sutor, Alexander; Burek, Bastien O.; Hollmann, Frank; Bloh, Jonathan Z.

doi:10.1002/cssc.202002957

Cited by 40 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Among the various concepts mentioned above, this approach shows the highest SVR [16] and provides evenly distributed light within the photobioreactors; [15] this was exploited recently by Duong et al. for the intensification of a photoenzymatic reaction [17] . This concept is especially intriguing as it allows to work with column reactors of a larger diameter than externally illuminated photobioreactors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Internal Illumination to Overcome the Cell Density Limitation in the Scale‐up of Whole‐Cell Photobiocatalysis

et al. 2021

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Cyanobacteria have the capacity to use photosynthesis to fuel their metabolism, which makes them highly promising production systems for the sustainable production of chemicals. Yet, their dependency on visible light limits the cell‐density, which is a challenge for the scale‐up. Here, it was shown with the example of a light‐dependent biotransformation that internal illumination in a bubble column reactor equipped with wireless light emitters (WLEs) could overcome this limitation. Cells of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 expressing the gene of the ene‐reductase YqjM were used for the reduction of 2‐methylmaleimide to (R)‐2‐methylsuccinimide with high optical purity (>99 % ee). Compared to external source of light, illumination by floating wireless light emitters allowed a more than two‐fold rate increase. Under optimized conditions, product formation rates up to 3.7 mm h−1 and specific activities of up to 65.5 U gDCW−1 were obtained, allowing the reduction of 40 mm 2‐methylmaleimide with 650 mg isolated enantiopure product (73 % yield). The results demonstrate the principle of internal illumination as a means to overcome the intrinsic cell density limitation of cyanobacterial biotransformations, obtaining high reaction rates in a scalable photobioreactor.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…for the intensification of a photoenzymatic reaction. [17] This concept is especially intriguing as it allows to work with column reactors of a larger diameter than externally illuminated photobioreactors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Internal Illumination to Overcome the Cell Density Limitation in the Scale‐up of Whole‐Cell Photobiocatalysis

et al. 2021

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“…The FAD cofactor in FAP does not need any external electrons for regeneration and the enzyme can exhibit total turnover numbers of up to 9000. [5] In other words, FAP simply uses light to generate synthetically powerful alkyl radicals from fatty acids, which are ubiquitous in nature. Thus, FAP is a promising candidate for drop-in biofuel production.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the reaction of FAP does not require O 2 and is redox‐neutral. The FAD cofactor in FAP does not need any external electrons for regeneration and the enzyme can exhibit total turnover numbers of up to 9000 [5] . In other words, FAP simply uses light to generate synthetically powerful alkyl radicals from fatty acids, which are ubiquitous in nature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization and Engineering of Fatty Acid Photodecarboxylase for Substrate Specificity

et al. 2021

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Fatty acid photodecarboxylase (FAP) is one of the few photoenzymes in nature. The ability of FAP to convert fatty acids into alka(e)nes without the need for reducing equivalents put this enzyme into spotlight for biocatalytic applications. Although it has been discovered only a few years ago, many studies already emerged demonstrating its potential in areas from biofuel production and enzymatic kinetic resolution to being a critical component of multi-enzyme cascades. While there have been few protein engineering studies for modulating activity of FAP towards very short chain fatty acids, no study has yet addressed substrate selectivity within the medium to long chain fatty acid range, where FAP shows great promise for the synthesis of drop-in biofuels from ubiquitous fatty acids with chain lengths from C12 to C18. Here, after determining optimum expression and assay conditions for FAP, we screened 22 rationally designed mutant enzymes towards four naturally abundant fatty acid substrates; C12 : 0, C16 : 0, C18 : 0 and C18 : 1. Depending on the type of the exchanged amino acid, we observed selectivity shifts towards shorter or longer chains, compared to wild type enzyme. Notably, we obtained two groups of mutants; one group with high selectivity towards only C18 : 0, and another group that is selective towards C12 : 0 substrate. Moreover, we measured light and thermal stability of the wild type enzyme as well as the light stability of a mutant engineered for selectivity.

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“…The internal illumination system based on the WLEs is also used to perform photocatalytic reactions; therefore, the WLEs are coated by a photocatalyst [ 6 ]. Another area of application for the internal illumination system is the photobiosynthetic production of biodiesel from fatty acids where the WLEs are used to intensify the process [ 7 ]. Figure 1 shows the WLE based internal illumination system in a photobioreactor and in a demonstrator reactor.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inductive Tracking Methodology for Wireless Sensors in Photoreactors

Demetz

Sutor

2021

Sensors

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In this paper, we present a methodology for locating wireless sensors for the use in photoreactors. Photoreactors are, e.g., used to cultivate photosynthetic active microorganisms. For measuring important parameters like, e.g., the temperature inside the reactor, sensors are needed. Wireless locatable floating sensors would enable it to measure the data anywhere inside the reactor and to get a spatial resolution of the registered data. Due to the well defined propagation properties of magnetic fields and the fact that they are not significantly influenced in underwater environments when using low frequencies, a magnetic induction (MI) system is chosen for the data transmission as well as for the localization task. We designed an inductive transmitter and a receiver capable of measuring the magnetic field in every three spatial directions. The transmitting frequency is set at approx. 300kHz. This results in a wavelength of approx. 1km which clearly exceeds the dimensions of our measurement setup where the transmitter–receiver distances in general are lower than one meter. Due to this fact, only the quasi-static field component has to be considered and the location of the transmitter is calculated by measuring its magnetic field at defined positions and in using the magnetic dipole field equation in order to model its magnetic field geometry. The used measurement setup consists of a transmitter and two receivers. The first measurements were performed without a water filled photoreactor since no differences in the propagation criteria of magnetic fields are expected due to the negligibly low differences in the relative magnetic permeability of water and air. The system is calibrated and validated by using a LIDAR depth camera that is also used to locate the transmitter. The transmitter positions measured with the camera are therefore compared with the inductively measured ones.

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Intensification of Photobiocatalytic Decarboxylation of Fatty Acids for the Production of Biodiesel

Cited by 40 publications

References 33 publications

Internal Illumination to Overcome the Cell Density Limitation in the Scale‐up of Whole‐Cell Photobiocatalysis

Internal Illumination to Overcome the Cell Density Limitation in the Scale‐up of Whole‐Cell Photobiocatalysis

Optimization and Engineering of Fatty Acid Photodecarboxylase for Substrate Specificity

Inductive Tracking Methodology for Wireless Sensors in Photoreactors

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