Intensification of thorium biosorption onto protonated orange peel using the response surface methodology

Abstract

In this research work, intensifying the possibility of protonated orange peel to uptake thorium (IV) ions from aqueous solutions in a batch system was investigated and optimized using the response surface methodology. The effect of three independent process variables including thorium initial concentration, pH, and biosorbent dosage was assessed based on the central composite design. The validity of the quadratic model was verified by the coefficient of determination. The optimization results showed that the rate of thorium (IV) uptake under optimal conditions is 183.95 mg/g. The modeling results showed that the experimental data of thorium biosorption kinetics are fitted well by the pseudo-second-order model. According to the results, the biosorption process reached equilibrium after around 4 h of contact. The Langmuir isotherm describes the experimental biosorption equilibrium data well. The maximum absorption capacity of protonated orange peel for thorium adsorption was estimated by the Langmuir isotherm at 236.97 mg/g. Thermodynamic studies show that thorium adsorption on protonated orange peel is thermodynamically feasible, spontaneous, and endothermic.

Investigation of kinetic, isotherm and adsorption efficacy of thorium by orange peel immobilized on calcium alginate

“…Furthermore, according to other authors' research 52 , by using orange peel as an adsorbent in a batch system, the maximum adsorption capacity was determined to be 236.97 mg/g of adsorbent, while this value was 29.58 mg/g in this study. It was found that it shows a decrease in the amount of adsorption in the case of using the immobilization technique.…”

“…From this point on, these peels are called protonated orange peels (POP). Protonation with nitric acid has been done to remove naturally present ions from the orange peel and thus obtain a better chemically modified orange peel where all weakly acidic sites are occupied by protons (H + ) 52 , 59 , 60 . The suspension was filtered and then the POPs were washed with distilled water and dried in an oven at 45 °C for 24 h. To perform the immobilization process, first, the protonated and dried raw peels were ground and sieved with 180 μm mesh.…”

“…Some researchers used a variety of adsorbents for thorium removal. Anirudhan et al 5 used poly (methacrylic acid)-grafted chitosan/bentonite composite, Soltani et al 49 used multi-walled carbon nanotube, Xu et al 50 used magnetic chitosan resins, Khalili et al 51 used humic acid, Khamseh et al 52 , 53 used orange peel, Xiu et al 54 used graphene oxide nanoribbons/manganese dioxide composite, Hu et al 55 used Cu 3(BTC)2, Huang et al 56 used mesoporous graphite carbon nitride, Akl et al 57 used amidoximated copolymeric hydrogel, and Liu et al 58 used a three-dimensional covalent organic framework.…”

Intensification of strontium (II) ion biosorption on Sargassum sp via response surface methodology

“…Keeping radioactive substances contained is a crucial safety issue for nuclear industries [1][2][3][4][5][6] . The beta-emitting strontium (Sr)-90 radionuclide has a half-life of approximately 28 years, and it is produced by nuclear fission reactions.…”

A Mathematical Simulation of Copper and Nickel Ions Separation Using Prepared Nanocellulose Material

“…Khamseh et al [3] investigated the adsorption of thorium (IV) ions by a protonated orange peel in a batch system using response surface methodology. They found that optimal conditions resulted in a maximum thorium uptake rate of 183.95 mg/g by evaluating the effects of initial thorium concentration, pH, and biosorbent dosage.…”