Intensification of ultrasound-assisted process for the preparation of spindle-shape sodium zinc molybdate nanoparticles

Abstract

In the present work, sodium zinc molybdate (SZM) nanoparticles were prepared using conventional and an innovative ultrasound assisted co-precipitation of sodium molybdate, zinc oxide and HNO3 at different temperatures. Prepared product was characterized by XRD, TEM, FT-IR, particle size distribution (PSD), TGA and DTA techniques. TEM analysis shows the spindle-shaped morphology of the formed SZM nanoparticles. The average particle size of SZM nanoparticles is found to be lower in case of sonochemical method (78.3 nm) compared to conventional method (340.2 nm) which is attributed to faster solute transfer rate due to ultrasonic irradiation leading to rapid nucleation and restricted growth of SZM nanoparticles. Further, the kinetics of synthesis of SZM nanoparticles are studied using the sonochemical method at different operating temperature and conventional method at 80°C. It is shown that the rate of reaction is significantly faster at 40°C compared to other temperatures and also conventional method. This can be attributed to intense cavity collapse at lower temperature (low vapour pressure) compared to higher temperature (high vapour pressure) of the reaction mixture.

INFLUENCE OF ULTRASONIC TREATMENT ON PROPERTIES OF ZnO-MoO3 OXIDE SYSTEM

“…At the same time, after the ultrasonic treatment of the sample its diffractogram fixes new reflexes that show the formation of a stable phase γ-Мо 4 О 11 orthorhombic modification. The formation of this phase as an intermediate product of MoO 3 to MoO 2 reducing may be caused by the presence of hydrogen molecules [25], formed by ultrasonic treatment in the aqueous solution [20]. Estimation of quantity of these oxides in the sample shows that α-MoO 3 content is 86.1 %, and γ-Mo 4 O 11 phase -13.9%.…”

“…There are several publications [20][21][22][23], which show that the method of ultrasonic treatment can be used for synthesis of, mostly, molybdate double salts using salts (nitrates) of these metals. Data of metal oxides use as initial compounds are absent.…”

Ultrasound assisted synthesis of CaF2:Eu3+ phosphor nanoparticles

“…The extreme atmosphere generated in the reaction medium plays a vital role and is responsible for the physical and chemical effects in the reaction mixture. The physical effects like micro‐mixing, intense shearing and turbulence generated due to ultrasound is responsible for the reduction in the particle size with little agglomeration in the formed product …”

“…The two main sources of ultrasound used for inorganic compound synthesis are ultrasonic cleaning baths and ultrasonic immersion probes, which typically operate in the frequencies range of 40 and 20 kHz, respectively. This method is simple, less expensive and easily available for researchers to develop several kinds of nanoparticles in which acoustic energy gets deposited directly into the reaction medium . Nowadays different shaped and sized nanomaterials find potential application in many emerging areas of technology, also with a change in dimension of the materials alternative properties are affected .…”

Effect of Ni loading onto Pt (Pt‐Ni/C) electrocatalysts for PEM fuel cell: A study of ORR activity, stability, and temperature effect

“…[25][26][27] The capping agent/surfactant was critical in maintaining the stability of the nanoparticles and avoiding nanoparticle aggregation. [27][28][29] Our recent studies demonstrated a novel ultrasound/ sonochemical-assisted synthesis of Pt alloy materials. [30][31][32][33][34] This work suggests a straightforward one-step sonochemical approach using a stabilizing agent for producing Pt-Ni/C nanoparticles.…”