Intensity Modulation based U shaped Plastic Optical Fiber Refractive Index Sensor

Sensitivity Analysis of Intensity-Modulated Plastic Optical Fiber Sensors for Effective Aging Detection in Rapeseed Transformer Oil

“…When combining Equations (5) and (6), the higher the optical wavelength, the lower the energy. As the infrared LED has the lowest energy, the absorbance will be higher [ 28 ], leading to a decreased intensity at the detector end.…”

“…These sensing regions were subsequently integrated into both pristine and aged natural ester oil samples, adopting a U-shaped configuration. Notably, this U-shaped configuration has been demonstrated to exhibit superior sensitivity in comparison to the linear fiber orientation [ 28 ]. For the purpose of securing a stable interface between the optical source, the detector, and the optical fiber to the breadboard, connector locking nuts were used cautiously.…”

“…The uncladded region (sensing area) makes direct contact with the aging TO sample, and so is replaced with , and is replaced by , representing the power lost to the TO due to changes in the RI of the oil. This loss modulates the intensity at the end of the optical fiber and forms the basis for inferring the concentrations or purity of the oil in contact with the uncladded section of the optical fiber sensor, which is caused by evanescent field interaction with the oil and the RI of the oil [ 21 , 23 , 28 , 29 ].…”

Sensitivity Analysis of Intensity-Modulated Plastic Optical Fiber Sensors for Effective Ageing Detection in Rapeseed Transformer Oil

“…The uncladded region (sensing area) makes direct contact with the ageing transformer oil sample, and so 𝑛 becomes replaced with 𝑛 , and 𝑃 is replaced by 𝑃 representing power lost to the transformer oil owing to changes in the refractive index of the oil. This loss modulates the intensity at the end of the optical fiber and forms the basis for inferring the concentrations or purity of the oil in contact with the uncladded section of the optical fiber sensor, due to evanescent field interaction with the oil and the refractive index of the oil [14,[17][18][19].…”

“…This research employed Procedure B. To facilitate a nuanced exploration of the contributory roles of copper and paper in hastening the ageing process, the samples were systematically bifurcated into four categories: solely oil (samples 1-9), oil in conjunction with paper (65g, dimensions 7.5cm x 7cm; samples 10-12), oil supplemented with copper (12g/l concentration; samples [13][14][15], and an amalgamation of oil, paper, and copper (65g paper, 7.5cm x 7cm in size, with a 12g/l copper concentration; samples [16][17][18]. The apparatus used include:…”