Intentionality matters for third-party punishment but not compensation in trust games

Bicchieri, Cristina; Maras, Marta

doi:10.1016/j.jebo.2022.02.026

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Donation games show these characteristics [35]. On the contrary trust games are characterized by strong, commonly agreed upon reciprocity norms [36]. 4 This free-response methodology has been employed in previous studies to examine actor-observer asymmetries in explanations of behaviour [37] and the continued-influence effect in misinformation [39], among other applications.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Language matters: how normative expressions shape norm perception and affect norm compliance

Kuang,

Bicchieri

2024

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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Previous studies have used various normative expressions such as ‘should’, ‘appropriate’ and ‘approved’ interchangeably to communicate injunctions and social norms. However, little is known about whether people's interpretations of normative language differ and whether behavioural responses might vary across them. In two studies (total n = 2903), we find that compliance is sensitive to the types of normative expressions and how they are used. Specifically, people are more likely to comply when the message is framed as an injunction rather than as what most people consider good behaviour (social norm framing). Behaviour is influenced by the type of normative expression when the norm is weak (donation to charities), not so when the norm is strong (reciprocity). Content analysis of free responses reveals individual differences in the interpretation of social norm messages, and heterogeneous motives for compliance. Messages in the social norm framing condition are perceived to be vague and uninformative, undermining their effectiveness. These results suggest that careful choice of normative expressions is in order when using messages to elicit compliance, especially when the underlying norms are weak. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Social norm change: drivers and consequences’.

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Section: Endnotesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Donation games show these characteristics [ 35 ]. On the contrary trust games are characterized by strong, commonly agreed upon reciprocity norms [ 36 ].…”

Section: Endnotesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Language matters: how normative expressions shape norm perception and affect norm compliance

Kuang,

Bicchieri

2024

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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Self-serving reward and punishment: evidence from the laboratory

Chen,

Lian,

Zheng

2023

Sci Rep

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Reward for altruism and punishment for selfishness are crucial components for the maintenance of society. Past studies have provided strong evidence that people are willing to incur costs to punish selfish behaviors and to reward altruistic behaviors, but how their willingness to do so depends on their relationship with the individuals conducting the anti-social or pro-social behaviors is much less explored. To probe into this question, we devised a three-stage experiment that combined a revised dictator game and third-party reward or punishment. We employed two payoff frameworks, alignment and conflict, and analyzed how third-party’s willingness to reward and punish differed when their interests were either aligned or in conflict with the first-party under observation. We found that due to considerations for personal interests, third-party’s reward and punishment levels deviated from what was deemed “legitimate” by society, that is, the level of reward and punishment that enhances society’s intrinsic motivations to comply with social norms and act pro-socially. When an anti-social behavior was observed, third-party punished less severely under the alignment framework than under the conflict framework; when a pro-social behavior was observed, third-party demonstrated self-serving reward under the alignment framework, but they rewarded altruistically under the conflict framework. These findings provided evidence for third-party’s self-serving reward and punishment.

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Standing Up to the Maskless: Antecedents of Norm Enforcement Behavior and Meta-Norm Misperception During COVID-19 at a College Campus

Song,

Ju,

Wright

2024

Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly

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Extending theorization on bystander intervention, this study examined antecedents of upstanding, a communication practice in which bystanders communicate disapproval to norm violators, using the context of mask wearing during COVID-19. Survey findings from undergraduate students revealed that perceived legitimacy of intervention played a key role in decisions to stand up to mask norm violators. In addition, anticipation of hostile responses from the confronted party and bystander indifference discouraged upstanding behavior or intentions. Participants also expected to receive less support from bystanders in a hypothetical episode as an upstander than what they intended to offer an upstander as a bystander.

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Intentionality matters for third-party punishment but not compensation in trust games

Cited by 3 publications

References 51 publications

Language matters: how normative expressions shape norm perception and affect norm compliance

Language matters: how normative expressions shape norm perception and affect norm compliance

Self-serving reward and punishment: evidence from the laboratory

Standing Up to the Maskless: Antecedents of Norm Enforcement Behavior and Meta-Norm Misperception During COVID-19 at a College Campus

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