Inter‐ and intraspecific selection in alien plants: How population growth, functional traits and climate responses change with residence time

Brendel, Marco R.; Schurr, Frank M.; Sheppard, Christine S.

doi:10.1111/geb.13228

Cited by 8 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…This is a strategy frequently observed in annual species of ruderal habitats, such as we studied here. In fact, for an almost identical set of study species, we previously found evidence for intra-or interspecific selection towards ruderality with increasing residence time: annual Asteraceae species with lower seed mass had higher finite rates of increase and, consistent with selection, species with long residence times had low seed mass (Brendel et al 2021).…”

Section: Differences In Performance and Competitive Ability Depending On Invasion Statusmentioning

confidence: 54%

“…Minimum residence time (MRT), which is used as a proxy for the date of first introduction of a species to a new area, was extracted from various databases (Sheppard and Schurr 2019). Usually, we used seed material collected from a previous experiment conducted at the same location in 2016, where individuals had been growing in low density monoculture mesocosms (Brendel et al 2021). Thus, we minimised potential performance differences arising from maternal effects.…”

Section: Alien-native Species Continuummentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As we included such a large number of neighbour species that vary in their growth rates, we aimed for constant strength (in terms of biomass production, rather than number of individuals) of neighbour competition across species. We determined the required number of seeds to be sown for each neighbour species, based on data on the average biomass production and establishment rates from a previous experiment in 2016 (Brendel et al 2021, see Suppl. material 1: Appendix 1, for further details).…”

Section: Target-neighbour Competition Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Competitive ability of native and alien plants: effects of residence time and invasion status

Sheppard¹,

Brendel²

2021

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Competition is commonly thought to underlie the impact of plant invasions. However, competitive effects of aliens and competitive response of natives may also change over time. Indeed, as with time, the novelty of an invader decreases, the accumulated eco-evolutionary experience of resident species may eventually limit invasion success. We aimed to gain insights on whether directional changes in biotic interactions over time or more general differences between natives and aliens, for instance, resulting from an introduction bias, are relevant in determining competitive ability. We conducted a pairwise competition experiment in a target-neighbour design, using 47 Asteraceae species with residence times between 8 years-12,000 years in Germany. We first tested whether there are differences in performance in intraspecific competition amongst invasion status groups, that is casual and established neophytes, archaeophytes or native species. We then evaluated whether competitive response and effects depend on residence time or invasion status. Lastly, we assessed whether competitive effects influence range sizes. We found only limited evidence that native target species tolerate neighbours with longer potential co-existence times better, whereas differences in competitive ability were mostly better explained by invasion status than residence time. Although casual neophytes produced most biomass in intraspecific competition, they had the weakest per-capita competitive effects on natives. Notably, we did not find differences between established neophytes and natives, both of which ranked highest in interspecific competitive ability. This lack of differences might be explained by a biased selection of highly invasive or rare native species in previous studies or because invasion success may result from mechanisms other than interspecific competitive superiority. Accordingly, interspecific per-capita competitive effects did not influence range sizes. Further studies across a broader range of environmental conditions, involving other biotic interactions that indirectly influence plant-plant interactions, may clarify when eco-evolutionary adaptations to new invaders are a relevant mechanism.

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Section: Differences In Performance and Competitive Ability Depending On Invasion Statusmentioning

confidence: 54%

Section: Alien-native Species Continuummentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Target-neighbour Competition Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Competitive ability of native and alien plants: effects of residence time and invasion status

Sheppard¹,

Brendel²

2021

Self Cite

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“…Referring to a common garden experiment by Ramírez‐Valiente et al (2021), adaptation to local temperatures was also observed for tree seedlings Pinus sylvestris , indicated by higher seedling survival under conditions similar to the home environment. In contrast, at the species scale, Brendel et al (2021) did not find that climatic mismatches between the native and the new range of 46 Asteraceae species weakened with residence time.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Disturbance and indirect effects of climate warming support a plant invader in mountains

Haider

Palm

Bruelheide

et al. 2022

Oikos

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Climate warming and increased disturbance (resulting from intensified land use) are expected to enhance the invasibility of plant communities and the performance of exotic species also at high elevations, and thus pose additional threats to mountain ecosystems. The invasion success of introduced genotypes will also depend on their degree of pre‐adaption to high elevation climatic conditions, which may vary intra‐specifically across source populations. For populations currently spreading in the lowlands, climate warming might reduce the climatic distance to high‐elevation sites and thus remove a barrier to upwards spread. Here, we investigated the various facets of mountain invasions in a single, integrative experimental study. We applied a community transplant approach between high‐ and low‐elevation sites in the European Alps to address effects of climate warming and disturbance through land use on community invasibility and the performance of the exotic species Senecio inaequidens, a potential future plant invader in the Alps. Additionally, the transplant sites served as common gardens to test the influence of climatic pre‐adaptation to current (high site) and future (low site) climatic conditions on the performance of S. inaequidens in the transplanted communities. The 16 invasive central and western European S. inaequidens source population locations covered a wide geographic range, and thus a wide amplitude of climatic distances and presumed pre‐adaptation to our gardens. Our results attest to a strong effect of disturbance, which increased community invasibility, and promoted the performance of the exotic species. Contrary to our expectation, experimentally induced climate warming did not increase community invasibility. However, the performance of the S. inaequidens populations was positively related to their pre‐adaptation to the climatic conditions of our common gardens. Climate warming might thus promote the invasion of exotic species by reducing the climatic distance between mountain ranges and locations of potential source populations.

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“…For instance, neonative populations of Dendroctonus frontalis , whose presence was recorded for the first time in New York and Connecticut in 2014 and 2015, respectively (Dodds et al, 2018, Table 1), are much less harmful than those of Dendroctonus ponderosae (Table 2), a species that was recorded outside of its native range since 1970 (Carroll et al, 2006; Cudmore et al, 2010). Residence time has been frequently used to predict range size (Allen et al, 2013; Desprez‐Loustau et al, 2010; Pyšek et al, 2015), abundance (Hamilton et al, 2005), population growth (Brendel et al, 2021) and even competitive ability (Sheppard & Brendel, 2021) of alien taxa, whereas a possible link between the time since introduction and impact dynamics has received far less attention. The use of residence time as a predictor of environmental impacts seems ripe for further investigations in both bark beetles and other taxonomic groups that have been established as alien or neonative.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are species more harmful in their native, neonative or alien range? Insights from a global analysis of bark beetles

Forgione

Bacher

Vimercati

2022

Diversity and Distributions

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Aim: Anthropogenic environmental modifications such as climate or land-use change are causing species to move on their own beyond their native ranges. As this phenomenon will increase in the near future, it is crucial to determine whether rangeexpanding species, or neonatives, are more or less likely than native and alien species to impact their recipient ecosystems. Here, we compared impact magnitudes of bark beetle species from their native, neonative and alien ranges, simultaneously. Location: Global. Methods:We formulated four general scenarios about the magnitude of environmental impacts in different ranges (native, neonative and alien) based on hypotheses commonly used in invasion biology. We tested these scenarios globally on Dendroctonus bark beetles, asking whether they have the most harmful impacts in their native, neonative or alien ranges. Impacts reported in the literature were assessed with the IUCN Environmental Impact Classification for Alien Taxa (EICAT). Results:We found that bark beetles cause the most harmful impacts in their native ranges, followed by the neonative ranges, while impacts in their alien ranges are the lowest. This indicates that the more dissimilar the environment is from that in the native range, the lower the probability of high-impact magnitudes. Our results align with several non-exclusive hypotheses, e.g. pre-adaptation and habitat filtering, while they do not support others, e.g. enemy release or Darwin's naturalization. The results are also in contrast with previous studies on vertebrates and plants, which found no or mixed differences in impact magnitudes with biogeographic origin.Main conclusions: Our analysis suggests that bark beetles, like other species that are keystone and abundant in their native ranges, have generally lower impacts when introduced to novel environments due to biotic resistance or lack of pre-adaptation.Research and management implications regarding the impacts of neonative and alien populations are also discussed.

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Inter‐ and intraspecific selection in alien plants: How population growth, functional traits and climate responses change with residence time

Cited by 8 publications

References 72 publications

Competitive ability of native and alien plants: effects of residence time and invasion status

Competitive ability of native and alien plants: effects of residence time and invasion status

Disturbance and indirect effects of climate warming support a plant invader in mountains

Are species more harmful in their native, neonative or alien range? Insights from a global analysis of bark beetles

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