Inter‐ and intraspecific variability in physiological traits and post‐anoxia recovery of photosynthetic efficiency in grasses under oxygen deprivation

Promotion of nonfood species production to marginal, degraded lands abandoned by mainstream agriculture is affected by extremes of water availability (droughts and floods), which have increased in frequency and intensity and account for severe yield reduction. Arundo donax L., known as giant cane or giant reed, spontaneously grows in different kinds of environments with limitation to low temperature and is thus widespread in temperate and hot areas around the world. Moreover, this perennial rhizomatous grass has been recognized as a leading candidate crop in the Mediterranean for lignocellulosic feedstock due to its high C 3 photosynthetic capacity, positive energy balance and low agroecological management demand. In this study, the photosynthetic performance and growth response of A. donax to waterlogging and submergence stress following a time course as well as their respective re-oxygenation were analyzed under reproducible and controlled environment conditions. Results of growth response showed that biomass production was strongly conditioned by the availability of oxygen. In fact, only waterlogged plants showed similar growth capacity to those under control conditions, while plants under submergence resulted in a dramatic reduction of this trait. The simultaneous measurements of both gas exchanges and chlorophyll fluorescence highlighted an alteration of both stomatal and non-stomatal photosynthetic behaviors during a short/medium period of oxygen deprivation and re-oxygenation. Photosynthetic CO 2 uptake was strictly related to a combination of stomatal and mesophyll diffusional constrains, depending on the severity of the treatment and exposure time. Conditions of waterlogging and hypoxia revealed a slight growth plasticity of the species in response to prolonged stress conditions, followed by a fast recovery upon reoxygenation. Moreover, the rapid restoration of physiological functions after O 2 deprivation testifies to the environmental plasticity of this species, although prolonged O 2 shortage proved detrimental to A. donax by hampering growth and photosynthetic CO 2 uptake.

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“…Wils., or Gaeumannomyces graminis var. graminis , which can develop perfectly under these environmental conditions (Pompeiano et al., 2017a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photosynthetic and Growth Responses of Arundo donax L. Plantlets Under Different Oxygen Deficiency Stresses and Reoxygenation

et al. 2019

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“…previously reported that among eight seashore paspalum genotypes there were differences in tolerance to anoxia (Pompeiano et al, 2017). Tan et al (2010) reported that bermudagrass can endure long-term and deep submergence.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Reduction in root respiration rates have been observed in many plants under anoxia, regardless of whether the plants are flooding tolerant or intolerant (Carpenter and Mitchell, 1980;Kuo and Chen, 1980;Lambers, 1976;Liao and Lin, 1995;Lin and Lin, 1992;Su and Su, 1996). Pompeiano et al (2017) found that improved tolerance to anoxia in seashore paspalum may be due to reduced respiration but not necessarily sugar starvation. Given the increased reliance on anaerobic metabolism for energy during waterlogging, changes in fermentation usually represent adaptive strategies for waterlogging tolerance (Xu et al, 2014).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, carbohydrate reserves do not always contribute to flood tolerance. For example, high carbohydrate reserves in japanese lawngrass (Zoysia japonica) did not determine anoxia tolerance (Pompeiano et al, 2017). A slow and well-controlled use of sugars, rather than their relative abundance, has been associated with improved anoxia tolerance (Banti et al, 2013).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Morphological and Physiological Responses of Seashore Paspalum and Bermudagrass to Waterlogging Stress

Xiao¹,

Jespersen²

2019

J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci.

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Turfgrasses have varying tolerance to waterlogging conditions. The objective of this study was to identify important root traits and physiological responses to waterlogging stress in seashore paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum) and bermudagrass (Cynodon sp.). After being exposed to waterlogging conditions for 28 days, turf quality, leaf photosynthesis, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance (gS), and root fresh weight were significantly decreased in bermudagrass, and root lipid peroxidation was significantly increased. However, seashore paspalum was found to be more tolerant to waterlogging conditions and changes in turf quality, photosynthesis, or lipid peroxidation were not seen. The waterlogging treatments increased specific root length (SRL), surface area, and volume and decreased root respiration and diameter to a greater extent in seashore paspalum compared with bermudagrass. Under waterlogging conditions, root aerenchyma formation was found in both seashore paspalum and bermudagrass, but to a greater extent in seashore paspalum. Both grasses exhibited significant increases in root water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC) but to a lesser extent in seashore paspalum than in bermudagrass. Shoot WSC remained unchanged in seashore paspalum but was significantly increased in bermudagrass. These results indicate greater root morphological changes such as root volume, SRL, and root porosity, as well as lower root respiration may be important contributors to waterlogging tolerance for seashore paspalum.

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“…Total soluble sugars quantification. Total soluble sugars (TSS; sucrose, glucose and fructose) from epigeal, hypocotyl and root organs were extracted and assayed as previously reported 17 . The accuracy of the method was calibrated using standards with known amounts of carbohydrates.…”

Section: Biometric Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological responses of maca (Lepidium meyenii Walp.) plants to UV radiation in its high-altitude mountain ecosystem

Reyes

Esparza

Crestani

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is a small fraction of the solar spectrum, which acts as a key environmental modulator of plant function affecting metabolic regulation and growth. Plant species endemic to the Andes are well adapted to the harsh features of high-altitude climate, including high UV radiation. Maca (Lepidium meyenii Walpers) is a member of Brassicaceae family native to the central Andes of peru, which grows between 3500 and 4500 m of altitude, where only highland grasses and few hardy bushes can survive. even though maca has been the focus of recent researches, mainly due to its nutraceutical properties, knowledge regarding its adaptation mechanisms to these particular natural environmental conditions is scarce. in this study, we manipulated solar UV radiation by using UV-transmitting (control) or blocking (UV-block) filters under field conditions (4138 m above the sea level) in order to understand the impact of UV on morphological and physiological parameters of maca crops over a complete growing season. Compared to the UV-blocking filter, under control condition a significant increase of hypocotyl weight was observed during the vegetative phase together with a marked leaf turnover. Although parameters conferring photosynthetic performance were not altered by UV, carbohydrate allocation between above and underground organs was affected. Control condition did not influence the content of secondary metabolites such as glucosinolates and phenolic compounds in hypocotyls, while some differences were observed in the rosettes. These differences were mainly related to leaf turnover and the protection of new young leaves in control plants. Altogether, the data suggest that maca plants respond to strong UV radiation at high altitudes by a coordinated remobilization and relocation of metabolites between source and sink organs via a possible UV signaling pathway.The Andes form the longest and one of the highest mountain ranges in the world, with a width of approximately 400 Km and over 100 peaks above 6000 m of altitude along the west coast of South America 1 . An extensive biodiversity of plant species is endemic to this region and these have been used for centuries by the native population. Interestingly, these crops are well adapted to the harsh climate of the Andes including drought, freezing temperatures, strong wind and high ultraviolet (UV) radiation 2 . UV represents a small fraction of the solar spectrum and based on its biological effects it is divided into UVC (100-280 nm), UVB (280-315 nm) and UVA (315-400 nm). However, only UVA and fraction of UVB radiation reach the Earth surface, of which UVB has the highest energy in the solar spectrum and thus has a major impact on all organisms. Moreover, levels of UVB, as well as those of UVA, vary in time and space depending on the weather, climate and geographical conditions, such as season of the year, altitude, latitude and atmospheric surface 3 .In the past decades, there has been an increased interest in the effects of UVB radiation on plant physiology and...

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Inter‐ and intraspecific variability in physiological traits and post‐anoxia recovery of photosynthetic efficiency in grasses under oxygen deprivation

Cited by 17 publications

References 44 publications

Photosynthetic and Growth Responses of Arundo donax L. Plantlets Under Different Oxygen Deficiency Stresses and Reoxygenation

Photosynthetic and Growth Responses of Arundo donax L. Plantlets Under Different Oxygen Deficiency Stresses and Reoxygenation

Morphological and Physiological Responses of Seashore Paspalum and Bermudagrass to Waterlogging Stress

Physiological responses of maca (Lepidium meyenii Walp.) plants to UV radiation in its high-altitude mountain ecosystem

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