Inter-correlations between smoke opacity, Legal Particulate Sampling (LPS) and TEOM, during transient operation of a diesel engine

Black, John D.; Eastwood, P G; Tufail, Khizer; Winstanley, T; Hardalupas, Y.; Taylor, A. M. K. P.

doi:10.4271/2007-01-2060

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Compared to D2M, E10 showed a reduction between 13 to 20%. According to Black et al 22) , we would expect the smoke opacity also to be reduced.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 84%

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Experimental Comparison of Smoke Opacity and Particulate Matter Emissions with the Use of Emulsion Fuel

Sugeng¹,

Yahya²,

Ithnin³

et al. 2020

Evergreen

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Most studies reported that smoke opacity and particulate matter (PM) are substantially reduced when using emulsion fuel. The goal of this work was to predict the PM reduction of diesel emulsion fuel by measuring the smoke opacity, which is known to be proportional with PM. The smoke/PM measurements were mostly of the particulate trap type, which is lengthy, arduous and only offers cumulative results. In this study, the smoke opacity was measured in real-time by using a smoke opacimeter to obtain faster, simpler and continuous results. The results were compared to the results of Legal Particulate Sampling (LPS). The types of fuel used in this study were an emulsion fuel denoted as E10 and Malaysian EURO2 diesel (D2M). Even though the PM emission of E10 was 20% lower than D2M, the smoke opacity of E10 was 200% higher. It was concluded that the opacimeter could not be used to predict the PM reduction in emulsified D2M.

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“…Compared to D2M, E10 showed a reduction between 13 to 20%. According to Black et al 22) , we would expect the smoke opacity also to be reduced.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…LPS and opacimeter results do correlate proportionally, which means lower PM results in lower smoke opacity [22][23][24][25] . Kihara from Horiba, offered the Equation 1to calculate smoke opacity (k in m -1 ) from PM concentration ( in kg/m 3 ) 26) .…”

mentioning

confidence: 93%

Experimental Comparison of Smoke Opacity and Particulate Matter Emissions with the Use of Emulsion Fuel

Sugeng¹,

Yahya²,

Ithnin³

et al. 2020

Evergreen

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Application of advanced charging methods such as variable geometry turbocharger (VGT) further reduced the HC emissions during mode transition by controlling the air-fuel ratio in order to reduce emissions during engine transients. Black et al [32] and Hagena et al [33] reported the effect of rate of mode transition (control parameters) on NOx emissions. They suggested that fast mode transition results in NOx peak.…”

Section: Combustion Mode Switching In CI Enginesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low Temperature Combustion Engines and Mode Switching Strategies – A review

Singh¹,

Ágarwal²

2018

JEES

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Rapidly increasing fossil fuel demand and deteriorating air quality have resulted in enormous pressure on automotive researchers and OEMs to develop more efficient and clean internal combustion (IC) engines. Low temperature combustion (LTC) strategies have shown significant potential of reducing oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and particulate matter (PM) emissions simultaneously without any performance sacrifice. In last few decades, researchers have resolved many issues of LTC however it's full-load application, even in light-duty engines, has not been experimentally demonstrated until now due to lack of control over ignition timing and heat release rate (HRR). This limits the commercial application of various LTC technologies in production-grade engines. To tackle this problem, an intermediate solution namely 'mode switching technique' has been demonstrated. In mode switching technique, engine operates in LTC mode up to medium loads and then switches to conventional compression ignition (CI) combustion mode to cater to higher engine loads. This dual mode combustion seems to be an effective solution for commercializing the LTC technology. This article discusses different strategies of mode switching in gasoline and diesel engines and exhibits its potential in IC engines. Use of reactivity controlled compression ignition (RCCI) combustion as LTC derivative in mode switching technique may be a future research area for development of next generation road transport vehicles.

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“…However, during CDC-to-PCCI combustion mode transition, a NOx peak and high rate of pressure rise (RoPR) were observed due to richer fuel–air mixture at the mode switching point. Black et al 17 reported that NOx formation during mode switching was highly dependent on engine load during a transient operation. Another study by Hagena et al 18 reported that the rate of change in the transient engine load significantly affected NOx spikes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance and emission characteristics of conventional diesel combustion/partially premixed charge compression ignition combustion mode switching of biodiesel-fueled engine

Singh

Ágarwal

2019

International Journal of Engine Research

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In this experimental study, a production grade engine was modified to operate in two combustion modes, namely conventional diesel combustion (CDC) and premixed charge compression ignition (PCCI) combustion, depending on the engine load. For mode switching, an open electronic control unit was programmed to operate the engine in PCCI combustion mode up to medium engine loads and then automatically switching it to CDC mode at higher engine loads, by varying the fuel injection parameters and the exhaust gas recirculation rate. For performance and emission characterization in the entire load range (idling-to-full load) of the test engine, a test cycle of 300 s was used, which included CDC mode, PCCI combustion mode, and transition between these two modes. Results showed that both mineral diesel and B20 (20% biodiesel blended with mineral diesel, v/v) fueled PCCI combustion resulted in significantly lower NOx and particulate emissions compared to baseline CDC. Relatively lower exhaust gas temperature in PCCI combustion mode led to slightly inferior engine performance and higher concentration of unregulated emission species such as SO2, HCHO, and so on. B20-fueled engine resulted in relatively lower unregulated emission species and particulates compared to the mineral diesel–fueled engine in both the combustion modes. In CDC mode, contributions of accumulation mode particles were significantly higher compared to nucleation mode particles. Relatively lower emission of aromatic compounds in PCCI combustion mode compared to CDC mode was another important finding of this study; however, B20-fueled engines resulted in slightly higher emissions of aromatic compounds.

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Inter-correlations between smoke opacity, Legal Particulate Sampling (LPS) and TEOM, during transient operation of a diesel engine

Cited by 15 publications

References 36 publications

Experimental Comparison of Smoke Opacity and Particulate Matter Emissions with the Use of Emulsion Fuel

Experimental Comparison of Smoke Opacity and Particulate Matter Emissions with the Use of Emulsion Fuel

Low Temperature Combustion Engines and Mode Switching Strategies – A review

Performance and emission characteristics of conventional diesel combustion/partially premixed charge compression ignition combustion mode switching of biodiesel-fueled engine

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