Inter-Decadal Nature of Rainfall Character Over Sudano-Sahel, North-West Nigeria

Emeribe, C. N.; Uwadia, N.O.; Fasipe, Olatubosun; Isagba, E S

doi:10.4314/afrrev.v11i4.6

Cited by 6 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Nine years had a significant positive departure, while six years possessed negative departures in all the stations based on α = 0.05. Figure 2 also shows that positive departure occurred in Sokoto, (1994, and 2016) in Kano ( 2012), Maiduguri, (1988, 1995), in Nguru (1994, 2012, 2017, and 2018. Significant negative departure occurred in Sokoto, (1984), in Kano (1999 and in Maiduguri (2000,) and in Nguru (1983.…”

Section: Positive and Negative Years Of Significant Departures Of Rai...mentioning

confidence: 89%

“…The magnitude frequency of dry spells were more than that of the wet spells both during the significant years of positive departure: Maiduguri (1988), Nguru (1994, 2017and 2018 and negative departure: Sokoto (1984), Kano (1999 and and 2004 in Maiduguri. However, Figure 7 also shows that there was no consistency in the relative abundance of dry spells compared to wet spells and vice versa, during years of positive and negative departures.…”

Section: Wet and Dry Spellsmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…The percentage contributions of moderate rainfall were 31%, 38.7%, 27.6% and 28.6%, respectively, while heavy rainfall magnitude contributed 20.5%, 9.9%, 7.2% and 0% respectively. For Nguru, in 1983(during SYND), and 1994, 2012, 2017, and 2018, light rainfall respectively contributed 37.9%, 59.2%, 70.7%, 35.5% and 44.4% to the total annual rainfall. Moderate rainfall contributed 49.9%, 40.8%, 24.6%, 22.3% and 24.4% to the total annual rainfall, while heavy rainfall contributed 13.1%, 0%, 4.7%, 41.9% and 31.2%, respectively.…”

Section: Percentage Contributions Of Rainfall Magnitude To the Total ...mentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Available records on the various episodes of floods and droughts (e.g., Thambyahpillay, 1979;Oguntoyinbo, 1982;Olaniran, 1983;Akintola, 1992, Nkwunonwo, et al 2015and Aliyu & Abdullahi, 2016 have linked these extreme climatological events with the precipitation anomalies and shown the vulnerability of man to the menace. Some studies on the climate of the SSEZ (e.g, Ifabiyi, 2013; Emeribe et al, 2017;and Umar & Bako, 2019) focused on the annual departures of rainfall from the mean only in terms of the annual total amount, leaving other rainfall characteristics unattended. In addition, contemporary emphases on the dry periods, leading to drought tendency, gives the impression that excessively wet periods (leading to flood occurrences), do not constitute a problem in the SSEZ.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rainfall Characteristics during the Years of Significant Departures from Normal in the Sudano-Sahelian Ecological Zone of Nigeria

Adeyefa¹,

Odekunle²

2022

JGG

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The rationale examining the rainfall characteristics during the years of significant departures from normal in the Sudano-Sahelian Ecological Zone (SSEZ) of Nigeria is based on the devastating effects of extreme weather events and their subsequent implications for agriculture and food security in sub-Saharan Africa. This study designated Significant Years of Positive Departure (SYPD) and Negative Departure (SYND) of rainfall from normal using a Z-score analysis on 39 years of rainfall data (1980-2018) for Sokoto, Kano, Maiduguri, and Nguru.   The results show that nine years possessed significant positive departures in rainfall versus six years of negative departures significant at α = 0.05. The frequency of occurrence of intra-seasonal dry spells outweighed that of wet spells in all the years except in 2000 (Maiduguri), 2012 (Kano and Nguru), and 2016 in Sokoto. Light rainfall contributed almost 60% of the total annual rainfall in the zone with heavy rains comprising 17.6% of the total in SYPD versus only 3% in SYND. The average length of the growing season (106 days) was higher during the SYND than the SYPD with an average of 99 days.  Onset and retreat days were mostly recorded during June and September respectively in SSEZ. This study found that SYPD in Sudano-Sahelian Ecological Zone possessed more wet occurrences than dry periods resulting from below-normal rainfall. These wetter occurrences also possess food security concerns because of their timing, while the SYND years portend to drought and possible famine.

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Section: Positive and Negative Years Of Significant Departures Of Rai...mentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Wet and Dry Spellsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Percentage Contributions Of Rainfall Magnitude To the Total ...mentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rainfall Characteristics during the Years of Significant Departures from Normal in the Sudano-Sahelian Ecological Zone of Nigeria

Adeyefa¹,

Odekunle²

2022

JGG

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“…According to Eberibe, et al [12], the area falls within the class of semi-arid climate belt characterized by low mean annual rainfall ranging between 300-700mm from May to October (6 months of wet season) with the remaining months as the dry season. There is a marked seasonal variation in temperature and diurnal range of temperature.…”

Section: Climatementioning

confidence: 99%

An Analysis of the Flood-Prone Areas in Birnin Kebbi, Using Remote Sensing and GIS

Muktar

Yelwa

2020

JGEESI

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Aim: To identify settlements that are vulnerable to flooding within River Rima floodplain in Birnin Kebbi Local Government Area of Kebbi State, Nigeria. Study Design: A flood vulnerability test was conducted by observing the relationship between the locations of settlements on the floodplain and elevation data, considering previous flooding events. Place and Duration of Study: The study covers Birnin Kebbi Local Government Area of Kebbi State, Nigeria. Methodology: This study uses Digital Elevation Model DEM obtained by The Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM). The Geographical Information System (GIS) technique (Map Overlay) was used where DEM was overplayed by settlement location (point data). Similarly, 3D view was used to confirm the result. Conclusion: The result shows that 12 settlements in Birnin Kebbi LGA were located at the lower altitude (<207m) with close proximity from the river channel. Therefore, the settlements and the surrounding farmlands become vulnerable to flooding. Recommendations: It was recommended that the settlements should be relocated to higher ground for safety. Local farmers should use species of rice that can survive longer time when submerged by water. The Environmental Monitoring Agencies should include detailed images showing affected areas in their publications.

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Integrating Multimodal Ensemble and Spatiotemporal Analysis for Enhanced Climate Modelling in Nigeria

Olasehinde,

Adeniran,

Ogunrinde

2024

Preprint

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The study combines two critical aspects of climate research in Nigeria. The first segment focuses on improving predictive performance of global circulation models (GCMs) employing ensemble techniques. ANN ensemble displayed significant improvement in the accuracy of climate projections, particularly in high-altitude geographic areas where traditional models exhibit limitations. Performance evaluation metrics such as Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), and Nash–Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) demonstrate the effectiveness of the ANN multimodal ensemble. Building on the improved climate modelling, the second segment delves into a spatial and temporal analysis of rainfall and mean temperature patterns under climate change in Nigeria. By considering two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs), namely RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, the study utilizes dynamically downscaled GCMs obtained from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5). The Mann-Kendall test reveals significant spatiotemporal variations in climate trends across the country. The warming trend is particularly pronounced in the northern regions, with RCP8.5 showing more severe impacts compared to RCP4.5. This integrated approach not only highlights the importance of multimodal ensembles in climate modelling but also provides valuable insights into the spatial and temporal patterns of climate change to inform effective adaptation and mitigation strategies for Nigeria.

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Inter-Decadal Nature of Rainfall Character Over Sudano-Sahel, North-West Nigeria

Cited by 6 publications

References 10 publications

Rainfall Characteristics during the Years of Significant Departures from Normal in the Sudano-Sahelian Ecological Zone of Nigeria

Rainfall Characteristics during the Years of Significant Departures from Normal in the Sudano-Sahelian Ecological Zone of Nigeria

An Analysis of the Flood-Prone Areas in Birnin Kebbi, Using Remote Sensing and GIS

Integrating Multimodal Ensemble and Spatiotemporal Analysis for Enhanced Climate Modelling in Nigeria

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