“…Data, information, knowledge and wisdom (DIKW) model has been widely used in life in all aspects including medicine ( Song et al, 2018 , 2020 ; Duan, 2019a , b ; Duan et al, 2019a , b ). In recent years, genome-wide profiling has substantially advanced our understanding of the genetic landscape and driver pathways leading to HCC ( Totoki et al, 2014 ; Schulze et al, 2015 ; Zucman-Rossi et al, 2015 ; Ally et al, 2017 ; Villanueva, 2019 ), revealing Cellular tumor antigen p53 ( TP53 ), Catenin beta-1 ( CTNNB1 ), Axin-1 ( AXIN1 ), Telomerase reverse transcriptase ( TERT ) promoter and other key genes as driver mutations, and WNT/β-catenin, p53 cell cycle pathway, oxidative stress, PI3K/AKT/MTOR, and RAS/RAF/MAPK pathways as key signaling pathways involved in liver carcinogenesis.…”