Inter-Korean Relations: A North Korean Perspective

La unificación desde abajo. Incidencia de la sociedad civil en las relaciones intercoreanas desde una perspectiva histórica

“…125-161 denunciados por Park ante las Naciones Unidas 10 en una búsqueda internacional de apoyo a su gobierno e, indirectamente, a la represión impuesta. A este proceso de unificación truncado, Armstrong (2005) lo denomina un juego de suma cero. Fue una etapa donde no se logró ningún canal de diálogo formal que permitiera mejorar las relaciones intercoreanas.…”

“…Por cuestiones de extensión del presente artículo, no haré menciones a las mismas, a pesar de que atraviesan inevitablemente las relaciones intercoreanas. A la fecha se han producido tres crisis nucleares: 1993-94 bajo los gobiernos de Kim Il Sung y Clinton se logró la firma del Acuerdo Macro 1994;-2003 (1995)(1996)(1997)(1998), ni por la muerte de Kim Il Sung (1994). La crisis humanitaria del Norte conllevó a una redefinición del activismo social en el Sur.…”

Hard, Soft, Smart? North Korea and Power: It’s All Relative

“…A survey of the literature shows intense engagement in analyzing how the DPRK has slowly build a rocky albeit still surviving socialist system (Gills 1992;Chun 1984;Kihl and Kim 2006). There is also an important focus on the concept of potential reunification (Bleiker 2005;Harrison 2003;Armstrong 2005). However, most scholarship has focused on the security dilemma surrounding the Korean peninsula because North Korea was seen for many years as being on the brink of collapse (Bennett 2013;Oh and Hassig 1999).…”

‘Nice Korea, Naughty Korea’: Media framings of North Korea and the inter-Korean relationship in the London 2012 Olympic Games

“…Since 2004, however, the tension between the two states quickly increased as naval battles (e.g. YeonPyeong Naval Battles) and disputes on cultural exchanges (Armstrong, 2005) took place. These relationship changes were reflected in activities at sport events – as the Koreas entered opening ceremonies as one united Korea from 2000 to 2004, but not since.…”

“…This agreement is linked with subsequent peace-building activities, such as forming a united team to compete in the 1991 FIFA World Youth Football Tournament. With the introduction of a democratic government in South Korea and the country’s adoption of a conciliatory diplomatic policy towards North Korea called the ‘Sunshine Policy’ (Armstrong, 2005), the 1990s to early 2000s can be considered the decade in which the road to reconciliation seemed most promising. It is in this context that sport became a medium through which a discourse of unity was emphasized (Cho, 2009: 358) – often serving as a vehicle for expressing ethnic Korean nationalism – and a channel through which positive diplomatic recognition was sought (Ha and Mangan, 2002).…”