Inter-organ communication during tissue regeneration

Abstract

Tissue regeneration is not simply a local repair event occurring in isolation from the distant, uninjured parts of the body. Rather, evidence indicates that regeneration is a whole-animal process involving coordinated interactions between different organ systems. Here, we review recent studies that reveal how remote uninjured tissues and organ systems respond to and engage in regeneration. We also discuss the need for toolkits and technological advancements to uncover and dissect organ communication during regeneration.

Systemic coordination of whole-body tissue remodeling in sea anemone local regeneration

“…Significant genes (FDR<1%) are chosen as spatially differentially expressed (DE) between these time points. For each of the spatially DE genes at each time point, the distance between the mean values of the fit and the baseline (the mean of the fit in uncut samples) was then calculated as follows: d(gi,tp1,gi,tp2) where i refers to equally spaced numbers in the (0, 1) interval along the animal (normalized position value), tp1 and tp2 denote two time points and d is a distance metric (Euclidean distance). GO term enrichment analysis was performed using the R package ‘GOseq’ (39) with all 702 DE genes that vary in space and time as identified by Gaussian fitting being used as input.…”

“… The complexity of regeneration extends beyond local wound responses (1,2), eliciting systemic processes that engage the entire organism. However, their functional relevance, and the spatial and temporal orchestration of the underlying molecular processes distant from the injury site remain unknown.…”

Drug Integrating Amphiphilic Nano-Assemblies: 2. Spatiotemporal Distribution within Inflammation Sites

“…IVIS imaging of selected explanted organs was performed at day 1 (panels in Figure 8A, control animal, Figure 8B,D) and 4 (panels in Figure 8C,E, and graph in Figure 8F, dark blue) after IV infusion, which demonstrated accumulation of nMIC in the left EFP (containing the transplant) and the right EFP that did not receive a transplantation (panel in Figure 8B,C and graph in Figure 8F, dark blue). This is probably due to their vasculature being connected and often seen symmetrical response, i.e., the observation that the contralateral side of paired organs can be prominently reactive to damage [43,44]. Interestingly, in healthy mice that did not receive a transplant but received an IV infusion of nMIC-DiD, the nMIC-DiD are not present in the EFPs (panels Figure 8D,E, and graph in Figure 8F, sky-blue).…”

Airway injury induces alveolar epithelial and mesenchymal responses mediated by macrophages

“…Pneumonectomy, or removal of a lung lobe, results in tissue-wide compensatory growth in the remaining lobes in mammals 1,2 . Regenerative responses in uninjured, distant niches have been observed in other organs and organisms 3 . For example, muscle injury to one leg of a mouse can stimulate an activated cell cycle state in the uninjured contralateral limb 4 , and limb amputation or limb crush in axolotls could similarly induce proliferation throughout the uninjured contralateral limb 5 .…”