Interacciones parasito hospedero en peces del intermareal rocoso de la zona centro y centro sur de Chile: comparacion de la diversidad, conectancia y densidad de vinculos

Abstract

RESUMEN.A pesar que la interacción entre parásitos y hospederos es constante, y obligatoria para los parásitos, las variaciones espaciales de estas relaciones son poco conocidas. En este estudio se cuantifica y compara las interacciones parásito-hospedero en peces de pozas intermareales de la zona centro (33°S) y centrosur (36°S) de Chile. Se recolectó un total de 2.081 peces desde 56 pozas intermareales. Se comparó la biomasa y abundancia de peces entre las pozas de las dos zonas: centro (ZC) y centro-sur (ZCS). Para el análisis de las comunidades de parásitos se consideraron especies de peces comunes entre la ZC y ZCS, y se comparó la prevalencia, abundancia, riqueza y diversidad de parásitos. Tanto la abundancia y biomasa de peces como los parámetros comunitarios de parásitos, fueron estandarizados al volumen de la poza (m 3 ). Pese a que hubo diferencias, entre ambas zonas, en la abundancia y biomasa en algunas especies de peces y en al menos un parámetro comunitario de parásitos, esas diferencias desaparecieron luego de estandarizar los datos a m 3 . Se detectó una media-baja similitud de especies parásitas entre zonas de muestreo (<55%). Sin embargo, los parámetros de interacción parásito-hospedero (conectancia y densidad de vínculos) no fueron distintos. Esto se puede deber, en parte, a la similitud en la riqueza de especies de peces, independiente de la especie de parásito, que mantendría su "carga de especies parásitas". Las comunidades de parásitos de peces se han determinado como insaturadas, lo que significa que no tienen todas las especies posibles que pueden albergar, por lo que quedarían microhábitats disponibles en los hospederos para ser ocupados por especies parásitas propias de un lugar. Palabras clave: relación parásito-hospedero, conectancia, peces intermareales, biogeografía, Chile. Parasite-host interactions in intertidal rocky fish between the central and central-south zones of Chile: comparison of the diversity, connectivity and link densityABSTRACT. Despite the fact interactions between parasites and hosts are constant and obligatory for parasites; the spatial variations of these relationships are poorly understood. In this study we aim to quantify and compare the host-parasite interactions in intertidal fish from two sampling zones: the central (33°S) and central-south (36°S) of Chile. A total of 2,081 fish were collected from 56 rocky pools. Biomass and abundance of fish between the two sampling zones, central (ZC) and central-south (ZCS), was compared. Common fish species between both zones were considered for parasitological analysis and comparisons between zones. The prevalence, abundance, richness and diversity of parasites were also compared between zones. The abundance and biomass of fish, as well as all the parasitological parameters were standardized by the rocky pool volume (). Beside the fact that fish abundance and biomass of fish and the community parameters were different between ZC and ZCS for some fish species, after standardization to pool volumes (m 3 ), no difference...

Parasite community of a temporal notothen fish from intertidal rocky pools in south-central Chile: Is it similar to other fish from the same habitat?

“…When possible, parasites were identified at the lowest taxonomic level, considering bibliographic references indicated in Soto et al (2016) and adding others, such as Petrochenco (1971), Zdzitowiecki (1997), Amin et al (2011), and Laskowski & Zdzitowiecki (2017). Abundance and prevalence (sensu Bush et al 1997) were calculated for each species of parasite in each host sample.…”

“…Moreover, a temporal fish that spend a short time in the intertidal zone, as Notothenia sp., has low chance to become infected with parasites in that habitat. Consequently, a few generalist parasites could be acquired in the intertidal, such as the copepod Holobomolochus chilensis which has been recorded on several fish from the central coast of Chile (e.g., Muñoz & Olmos 2007, Muñoz & Delorme 2011, Muñoz & Castro 2012, and the digenean Lecithaster macrocotyle that is a frequent parasite in several intertidal fish of central Chile (Soto et al 2016), but it has also been found in different notothen species (Zdzitowiecki 1997), therefore, it is difficult to know if this digenean was acquired in the intertidal zone of central Chile.…”

“…The great species diversity in intertidal zones has attracted scientific interest for many years, which has been focused on establishing and describing the interspecific relationships that are formed there. In Chile, several studies have dealt with the relations of competition or coexistence among species (e.g., Shinen & Navarrete 2010, Aguilera et al 2013, between predators and prey (e.g., Quijada & Cáceres 2000, Berrios & Vargas 2004) and relationships between parasites and hosts (e.g., Muñoz & Cortés 2009, Soto et al 2016. All these studies agree that intertidal systems are diverse and highly complex in their organization.…”