Interacting gradients of selection and survival probabilities to estimate habitat quality: An example using the Gray Vireo (Vireo vicinior)

Population parameters and heterogeneity in survival rates of Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins in a heavily urbanized coastal region of southeast China: implications for conservation

“…While various anthropogenic stressors may vary in frequency and intensity across LB, the limited spatial range of individuals and their obligatory inshore distribution (Jefferson and Karczmarski, 2001;Jefferson and Smith, 2016) renders them susceptible to impacts from localized anthropogenic sources at extents corresponding to individual ranging behavior. In general, individuals living in suboptimal habitats are likely to display lower survival probabilities than those in less disturbed areas (Reid et al, 2008;Harris et al, 2021;Ritterson et al, 2021). Similarly, considerable environmental disruption, even if localized, will affect to a greater extend individuals that have used that area as part of their range compared to those whose home range lay outside the disturbed zone, and the likely implications on their survival probability may differ accordingly (Lin et al, 2023).…”

“…Prey quantity/availability and size/quality appear to vary spatially across both PRD and LB, likely affecting the energetic costs of foraging (Zhang et al, 2019;Ho, 2021;Lin et al, 2021) which may have implications on individual fitness. Spatial heterogeneity in both resource availability and anthropogenic pressure have been attributed to spatial heterogeneity in demographic process in other taxa elsewhere (e.g., Reid et al, 2008;Harris et al, 2021;Ritterson et al, 2021). Consequently, management plans and conservation priorities in the PRD and/or LB have to be perceptively formulated with careful considerations of population structure and habitat utilization of the dolphins, as well as the quality of key dolphin habitats and levels of anthropogenic disturbance (Karczmarski et al, 2016;Karczmarski et al, 2017a).…”