Interaction between APOE, APOA1, and LPL Gene Polymorphisms and Variability in Changes in Lipid and Blood Pressure following Orange Juice Intake: A Pilot Study

Abstract

Scope Chronic orange juice intake is associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular disease, however, a large inter‐individual variability in response to orange juice for lipid profile and blood pressure has been observed. This heterogeneity in responsiveness could be associated with single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), which has not been previously addressed. This study aims to investigate the influence of SNP in apolipoprotein E (APOE), apolipoprotein A1 (APOA1), mevalonate (MVK), and lipase lipoprotein (LPL) genes in the biological response after chronic orange juice intake. Methods and results Forty‐six volunteers ingested 500 mL daily for 60 days and blood pressure and biochemical parameters are measured. Also, SNPs in APOE, APOA1, MVK, and LPL genes are genotyped in the volunteers that are medium/high excretors of flavanone metabolites. Genotypes CC (APOA1), AA, and GG (LPL) are associated with positive health effects of orange juice and the CC (APOE), GG (APOA1), GG, and AA (LPL) genotypes are associated with no effects of orange juice consumption (p < 0.05). Conclusion These results identify for the first‐time SNP associated with effects of orange juice on lipid levels and blood pressure, results that may provide bases for future precise nutritional recommendations regarding this flavanone‐rich food to lower the risk for cardiovascular disease.

Integrated Analysis of Genomic and Genome-Wide Association Studies Identified Candidate Genes for Nutrigenetic Studies in Flavonoids and Vascular Health: Path to Precision Nutrition for (Poly)phenols

“…This study revealed that individuals with greater GRS present high blood pressure associated with higher coffee consumption, highlighting the particular importance of reducing coffee intake in individuals who are genetically predisposed to this cardiovascular disease risk factor [66]. Moreover, polymorphisms in LPL and APOE genes were suggested to modulate the effects of orange juice rich in flavanone on vascular function [20]. Taken together, these examples strongly suggest that the candidate genes identified using our integrative analyses of genomic and GWAS data are good candidates, demonstrating the power of such an approach for the identification of novel, still unexplored candidate genes involved in interindividual variability in response to flavonoid intake and vascular health.…”

“…In the study group of 46 participants, medium or high excretors of flavanone metabolites, it was observed that for the APOA1_rs964184 polymorphism, the CC genotype is associated with a decrease in circulating triglycerides and blood pressure, both systolic and diastolic. Additionally, for the LPL_rs12678919 polymorphism, the AA genotype was associated with a change in blood lipids [20].…”

“…The most convincing results were obtained from the studies that were focused on polymorphisms of well-established genes that are directly associated with vascular function or genes involved in the metabolism of circulating lipoproteins. It has been shown that the Glu298Asp single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the NOS3 gene differentially affects the vascular response to acute consumption of fruit and vegetables [19], and that polymorphisms in Apolipoprotein A1 (APOA1_rs964184) and Lipoprotein Lipase (LPL_rs12678919) genes determine the vasculoprotective effects of orange juice [20].…”