Interaction between Dislocation and Copper Particles in Fe-Cu Alloys.

Nakashima, Kouichi; Futamura, Yuichi; Tsuchiyama, Toshihiro; Takaki, Setsuo

doi:10.2355/isijinternational.42.1541

Cited by 77 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 10 publications

(12 reference statements)

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“…These results were consistent with those of Nakashima et al (2002). Hornbogen and Glenn (1960) also reported that the coherence between the body-centered cubic Cu particles and the ferritic matrix leads to an increase in hardness, whereas Nakashima et al (2002) suggested that the decrease of the hardness of the over-aged specimen is influenced by the incoherence between the Cu particles and the matrix at the interface, which was also reported by Othen et al (1994). Thus, the 6 ksaged specimen with a hardness of HV 201 was used as the over-aged specimen in this study because its hardness was almost the same with that of the as-quenched specimen with a hardness of HV 180.…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 83%

“…The hardness of the aged specimens gradually increased from HV 180 to HV 300 at 200 s before they gradually decreased with increased aging time. These results were consistent with those of Nakashima et al (2002). Hornbogen and Glenn (1960) also reported that the coherence between the body-centered cubic Cu particles and the ferritic matrix leads to an increase in hardness, whereas Nakashima et al (2002) suggested that the decrease of the hardness of the over-aged specimen is influenced by the incoherence between the Cu particles and the matrix at the interface, which was also reported by Othen et al (1994).…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 82%

“…All specimens exhibited a massive ferritic structure and had almost the same grain size (around 100 μm). Nakashima et al (2002) reported that Cu particles with sizes varying from 10 nm to 50 nm are finely dispersed within the matrix of aged Fe-3%Cu alloys. Fig.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Wear behavior of copper-containing ferritic iron under a dry sliding condition

Syarif

Iswadi

Ghazali

et al. 2013

J. Zhejiang Univ. Sci. A

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Abstract:The effect of solute Cu and Cu precipitates on the wear behavior of ferritic iron under an unlubricated condition was investigated. The specific wear rate of Cu-containing steel abruptly decreased up to 50 N of load, and then gradually decreased with further increased load. The specific wear rate of the as-quenched specimen, in which Cu was in a solid solution, was the lowest among all the specimens at low loads, and all specimens had almost the same specific wear rate at high loads. Subsurface observation showed that the hardness increments of all specimens decreased with increased depth below the worn surface. The as-quenched specimen had a relatively large depth of deformed region than the other specimens even though the increments in hardness were almost the same for all specimens at low loads. With the same hardness at an unworn state, the as-quenched and over-aged specimens exhibited a substantial increase in hardness and large deformed regions below the worn surfaces. This finding indicated that the enhancement in plastic deformation and work hardening led to the decrease in the specific wear rate of the as-quenched specimen at low loads and the improvement in the wear resistance of all specimens at high loads.

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Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 82%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Wear behavior of copper-containing ferritic iron under a dry sliding condition

Syarif

Iswadi

Ghazali

et al. 2013

J. Zhejiang Univ. Sci. A

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“…Moreover, the dislocation/precipitation interaction in ferrite matrix would be one of the dominant reasons of strengthening. 8) It was observed that the precipitates are mostly spherical in appearance, and the TEM microstructure of extraction replica also reveal the existence of precipitates clearly in Fig. 3(b).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Microstructural Refinement and Precipitation Behavior of Low Carbon Steel Produced by Compact Strip Production

et al. 2008

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3(a), in addition, a low internal dislocation density was revealed, which resulted from the great reduction of single rolling pass during continuous rolling, these internal dislocation and deformation band provide nucleation site, and result in the high nucleation rate of ferrite crystal. Moreover, the dislocation/precipitation interaction in ferrite matrix would be one of the dominant reasons of strengthening.8) It was observed that the precipitates are mostly spherical in appearance, and the TEM microstructure of extraction replica also reveal the existence of precipitates clearly in Fig. 3(b). Large precipitates have been identified as carbide particles through electron dispersive analysis as shown in Fig. 3(c), but the size distribution of other shapes could not be estimated because the number was so small, which indicates that they are present in the austenite prior to precipitate from the austenite during cooling.Selective area electron diffraction study was carried out with TEM to clarify the orientation relationship between the tiny precipitates and the a-Fe matrix. beam parallel to [100] direction. A lot of diffraction spots are seen in addition to the matrix spots. It is difficult to determine the relationship between the particles and the matrix from this pattern. If we assume that the particles have a cube relationship with the matrix, the spots that do not belong to the matrix correspond very well to those of ferrite phase with the zone axis being parallel to [001]. Thus, the assumption that the tiny have cube-cube relationship with the matrix is reasonable. The dark field image in Fig. 3(e) is taken using the super lattice spots shown in the inset diffraction pattern of Fig. 3(d) and reveals that the precipitates (bright) are very small and coherent with the matrix; it would show a very effective pinning in ferrite matrix.9) The coherent orientation relationship between the tiny precipitates and the a-Fe suggests that these tiny particles may precipitate from the a-Fe instead of the g-Fe. Furthermore, the coherent orientation relationship may influence the interfacial energy between the particle and the matrix as well as the nucleation process of the particles. 10)As shown in Fig. 4(a), a small cluster of particles were observed at junctions of a curved grain boundary. The recrystallization nuclei in these alloys would form primarily adjacent to nanometer-sized particles that are produced during casting and the movement of the boundary need overcoming the pinning force of particle, which will result in a local increase in the driving force due to changes in boundary curvature and thermal activation.11) In conclusion, small particles can restrict subsequent grain boundary movement and promote a fine-grained microstructure through Zener drag. Smith 12) attributes to Zener the analysis of the pinning force exerted by particles on grain boundary, and Azmir Har et al. had also simulated particle pinning force acting on the grain boundary.13) The geometry of such an interaction is shown in Fig. 4(b).C...

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“…The dislocation density was estimated at 2.0ϫ10 15 /m 2 by X-ray diffractometry. 14) This dislocation density is large enough in terms of the driving force for recrystallization. 15) Figure 3 represents the orientation imaging micrograph and the inverse pole figure of the as-quenched material.…”

Section: Martensitic Structure and Its Recrystallizationmentioning

confidence: 99%