Interaction between entomopathogenic nematodes and entomopathogenic fungi applied to third instar southern masked chafer white grubs, Cyclocephala lurida (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), under laboratory and greenhouse conditions

Synopsis of the cyclocephaline scarab beetles (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Dynastinae)

“…Experiments demonstrated that one Brazilian strain of B. bassiana caused significant mortality against C. signaticollis , while native strains of M. anisopliae were not pathogenic in this species (Berón and Diaz 2005). This relatively low mortality caused by B. bassiana and M. anisopliae was also observed in C. lurida lurida , but both fungal pathogens display synergism with entomopathogenic nematodes (Wu et al 2014). Cyclocephala borealis and C. lurida lurida larvae surveyed from Kentucky golf courses also showed low infection rates by M. anisopliae (Redmond and Potter 2010).…”

Can Beauveria bassiana Bals. (Vuill) (Ascomycetes: Hypocreales) and Tamarixia triozae (Burks) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) be used together for improved biological control of Bactericera cockerelli (Hemiptera: Triozidae)?

“…When species that share the same host are augmented together and in large numbers, additive, synergistic or antagonistic outcomes may result, depending on the interactions between them during their life cycle (Roy and Pell, 2000;Furlong and Pell, 2005;Wu et al, 2014). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of the presence of the fungus B. bassiana on parasitism rates of the parasitoid T. triozae on B. cockerelli nymphs.…”

“…Natural enemies can compete with each other for shared prey and/or hosts, numerous mechanisms have evolved that allow them, under natural circumstances, to establish spatially or temporally separate niches, and thereby coexist (e.g. Abdullah, 2008;Mesquita and Lacey, 2001;Wu et al, 2014). B. cockerelli has a large number of indigenous natural enemies (Butler and Trumble, 2012), of which the parasitoid Tamarixia triozae Burks (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) and the fungus Beauveria bassiana, are under development as biological control agents for augmentation within IPM (Lacey et al, 2009(Lacey et al, , 2011Weber, 2013).…”

The symbiotic bacteria Alcaligenes faecalis of the entomopathogenic nematodes Oscheius spp. exhibit potential biocontrol of plant‐ and entomopathogenic fungi

“…Different combinations of EPNs and commercial EPF for increasing plant growth and protection have already been attempted in several greenhouse and field trials. Generally, however, they did not show clear additive or synergistic effect of both biocontrol agents and even find negative interactive effects (Wu et al ., ; Imperiali et al ., ; Wakil et al ., ). EPNs were detected in larvae only in a few cases (11%) in the EPF and EPNs combination treatments (Tarasco et al ., ).…”