Interaction between hatchery and wild Pacific salmon in the Far East of Russia: A review

Zaporozhets, O. M.; Zaporozhets, G. V.

doi:10.1007/s11160-005-3583-y

Cited by 25 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Russian hatchery releases prior to 1971 were not available except for the Sakhalin and Kurile Islands region, but they were likely small compared with releases in recent years (Zaporozhets and Zaporozhets 2004). Average survival rates of hatchery chum salmon (range of means ¼ 0.21-0.64%) were available from Zaporozhets and Zaporozhets (2004) and N. Kran (Sevvostrybvod, PetropavlovskKamchatsky, Russia, personal communication). Survival rates were lower in southern regions of Russia and during years prior to the 1990s, when hatchery fish quality was lower.…”

Section: Asian Salmon Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The portion of hatchery salmon in these large catches is not reported, but annual releases of juvenile pink salmon and chum salmon from hatcheries in both Asia and North America have increased substantially over time (Mahnken et al 1998;Naish et al 2007). The increased abundance of hatchery or other artificially enhanced salmon populations may have possible adverse effects on wild salmon populations (Peterman 1991;Cooney and Brodeur 1998;Heard 1998;Zaporozhets and Zaporozhets 2004). This concern arises in part from evidence that high salmon abundances in the ocean can reduce growth and survival among conspecific salmon (Rogers 1980;Peterman 1984a;McKinnell 1995;Kaeriyama 1998;Pyper and Peterman 1999;) and among individuals of other salmon species (Peterman 1982;Ruggerone et al 2003Ruggerone et al , 2005Ruggerone and Nielsen 2004).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Magnitude and Trends in Abundance of Hatchery and Wild Pink Salmon, Chum Salmon, and Sockeye Salmon in the North Pacific Ocean

et al. 2010

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Abundance estimates of wild and hatchery Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp. are important for evaluation of stock status and density‐dependent interactions at sea. We assembled available salmon catch and spawning abundance data for both Asia and North America and reconstructed total abundances of pink salmon O. gorbuscha, chum salmon O. keta, and sockeye salmon O. nerka during 1952–2005. Abundance trends were evaluated with respect to species, regional stock groups, and climatic regimes. Wild adult pink salmon were the most numerous salmon species (average = 268 × 106 fish/year, or 70% of the total abundance of the three species), followed by sockeye salmon (63 × 106 fish/year, or 17%) and chum salmon (48 × 106 fish/year, or 13%). After the 1976–1977 ocean regime shift, abundances of wild pink salmon and sockeye salmon increased by more than 65% on average, whereas abundance of wild chum salmon was lower in recent decades. Although wild salmon abundances in most regions of North America increased in the late 1970s, abundances in Asia typically did not increase until the 1990s. Annual releases of juvenile salmon from hatcheries increased rapidly during the 1970s and 1980s and reached approximately 4.5 × 109 juveniles/year during the 1990s and early 2000s. During 1990–2005, annual production of hatchery‐origin adult salmon averaged 78 × 106 chum salmon, 54 × 106 pink salmon, and 3.2 × 106 sockeye salmon, or approximately 62, 13, and 4%, respectively, of the combined total wild and hatchery salmon abundance. The combined abundance of adult wild and hatchery salmon during 1990–2005 averaged 634 × 106 salmon/year (498 × 106 wild salmon/year), or approximately twice as many as during 1952–1975. The large and increasing abundances of hatchery salmon have important management implications in terms of density‐dependent processes and conservation of wild salmon populations; management agencies should improve estimates of hatchery salmon abundance in harvests and on the spawning grounds.

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Section: Asian Salmon Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnitude and Trends in Abundance of Hatchery and Wild Pink Salmon, Chum Salmon, and Sockeye Salmon in the North Pacific Ocean

et al. 2010

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“…In our study, ND5 and microsatellite markers suggested different levels of gene flow as inferred by FST values in some pairwise comparisons (Table 5), in addition discordance in the estimated genetic diversities (see Tables 3, 4). In particular, uneven ND5 variation among the three regions (Table 3) might reflect the consequence of human activity, as the artificial production and release of hatchery masu salmon have long been attempted in Japan (Mayama, 1992) and Russia (Zaporozhets and Zaporozhets, 2004). However, surprisingly uniform microsatellite variation among the regions (Table 4) argues against this possibility, and the effects of artificial propagation on the observed genetic structure are unknown.…”

Section: Populationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population Genetic Structure and Phylogeography of Masu Salmon (Oncorhynchus Masou Masou) Inferred from Mitochondrial and Microsatellite DNA Analyses

Azuma

Yoon

et al. 2010

Zoological Science

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“…Mixing typically occurs as they migrate through highly variable feeding environments in littoral, neritic, and coastal habitats after leaving their natal streams en route to oceanic habitats in the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) (Healey 1991;Duffy et al 2005;Ruggerone and Nielsen 2009). However, salmon hatcheries have the potential to change ecosystem dynamics by increasing fish densities and by altering stock and size composition in localized areas (Zaporozhets and Zaporozhets 2004;Morita et al 2006). Both competition and predation are thought to influence early marine mortality of juvenile salmon via density-dependent processes (Beamish and Mahnken 2001).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…High densities of hatchery salmon can lead to trophic competition (Fresh 1997;Ruggerone and Nielsen 2009) and to selective predation by predators attracted to unusually high fish concentrations (Scheel and Hough 1997). Therefore, as production of hatchery salmonids around the Pacific Rim and knowledge of density-dependent processes have increased, so have local and international concerns about salmon interactions and carrying capacity Zaporozhets and Zaporozhets 2004;Fukuwaka et al 2007).…”

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confidence: 99%

Lack of trophic competition among wild and hatchery juvenile chum salmon during early marine residence in Taku Inlet, Southeast Alaska

et al. 2011

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Early marine trophic interactions of wild and hatchery chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) were examined as a potential cause for the decline in harvests of adult wild chum salmon in Taku Inlet, Southeast Alaska. In 2004 and 2005, outmigrating juvenile chum salmon were sampled in nearshore habitats of the inlet (spring) and in epipelagic habitat at Icy Strait (summer) as they approached the Gulf of Alaska. Fish were frozen for energy density determination or preserved for diet analyses, and hatchery stocks were identified from the presence of thermal marks on otoliths. We compared feeding intensity, diets, energy density, and size relationships of wild and hatchery stocks (n=3123) across locations and weeks. Only hatchery fish feeding intensity was negatively correlated with fish abundance. In both years, hatchery chum salmon were initially larger and had greater energy density than wild fish, but lost condition in early weeks after release as they adapted to feeding on wild prey assemblages. Diets differed between the stocks at all inlet locations, but did not differ for hatchery salmon between littoral and neritic habitats in the outer inlet, where the stocks overlapped most. Both diets and energy density converged by late June. Therefore, if density-dependent interactions affect wild chum salmon, these effects must be very rapid because survivors in Icy Strait showed few differences. Our study also demonstrates that hatchery release strategies used near Taku Inlet successfully promote early spatial segregation and prey partitioning, which reduce the probability of competition between wild and hatchery chum salmon stocks.

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Interaction between hatchery and wild Pacific salmon in the Far East of Russia: A review

Cited by 25 publications

References 5 publications

Magnitude and Trends in Abundance of Hatchery and Wild Pink Salmon, Chum Salmon, and Sockeye Salmon in the North Pacific Ocean

Magnitude and Trends in Abundance of Hatchery and Wild Pink Salmon, Chum Salmon, and Sockeye Salmon in the North Pacific Ocean

Population Genetic Structure and Phylogeography of Masu Salmon (Oncorhynchus Masou Masou) Inferred from Mitochondrial and Microsatellite DNA Analyses

Lack of trophic competition among wild and hatchery juvenile chum salmon during early marine residence in Taku Inlet, Southeast Alaska

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