Interaction between Microalgae P. tricornutum and Bacteria Thalassospira sp. for Removal of Bisphenols from Conditioned Media

Abstract

We studied the efficiency of three culture series of the microalgae Phaeodactylum tricornutum (P. tricornutum) and bacteria Thalassospira sp. (axenic microalgae, bacterial culture and co-culture of the two) in removing bisphenols (BPs) from their growth medium. Bacteria were identified by 16S ribosomal RNA polymerase chain reaction (16S rRNA PCR). The microorganism growth rate was determined by flow cytometry. Cultures and isolates of their small cellular particles (SCPs) were imaged by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (Cryo-TEM). BPs were analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). Our results indicate that some organisms may have the ability to remove a specific pollutant with high efficiency. P. tricornutum in axenic culture and in mixed culture removed almost all (more than 99%) of BPC2. Notable differences in the removal of 8 out of 18 BPs between the axenic, mixed and bacterial cultures were found. The overall removals of BPs in axenic P. tricornutum, mixed and bacterial cultures were 11%, 18% and 10%, respectively. Finding the respective organisms and creating microbe societies seems to be key for the improvement of wastewater treatment. As a possible mediating factor, numerous small cellular particles from all three cultures were detected by electron microscopy. Further research on the mechanisms of interspecies communication is needed to advance the understanding of microbial communities at the nano-level.

Characterization of Nanohybridosomes from Lipids and Spruce Homogenate Containing Extracellular Vesicles

“…Flow cytometry was performed according to the protocol adapted from Škufca et al 51 by MACS QUANT (Miltenyi, Bergisch-Gladbach, Germany) flow cytometer. For calibration, we used beads of sizes 2 and 3 µm (MACSQuant Calibration Beads, ref: 130–093-607).…”

Assessment of Small Cellular Particles from Four Different Natural Sources and Liposomes by Interferometric Light Microscopy

“…The particle numbers in samples from liposomes, blood, spruce homogenate, and microalgae Phaeodactylum tricornutum were estimated by flow cytometry [ 65 ] using a MACSQuant Analyzer flow cytometer (Miltenyi Biotec, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany) and the related software. The following instrument settings were employed: FSC: 458 V; SSC: 467 V with a trigger set to 1.48; B3: 300 V; and R1: 360 V. Particles were detected from the forward (FSC) and side scatter parameters (SSC).…”

Evaluation of Dunaliella salina Growth in Different Salinities for Potential Application on Saline Wastewater Treatment and Biomass Production

“…A seawater sample with a conductivity ratio of 1.0 at 15°C, when compared to a potassium chloride (KCl) solution containing 32.4356 g of KCl per 1 kg of solution, corresponds to a salinity of 35.000 [34,35]. [36,37]. Gating strategy was based on chlorophyll autofluorescence in live cells and emission detected in channels B3 (488 nm/655-730 nm) and R1 (635/655-730 nm).…”