Interaction between the level of immunoglobulins and number of somatic cells as a factor shaping the immunomodulating properties of colostrum

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the association between immunoglobulins and SCC as a factor in shaping the content of the immunostimulatory components of colostrum. Seventy-eight multiparous Polish Holstein–Friesian cows were selected for the experiment. Colostrum samples were collected immediately after calving (up to a max. of 2 h). The cows were divided into groups according to the following levels: Immunoglobulins (IG class)—(IG1) over 50 g/L, (IG2) up to 50 g/L; SCC class—(SCC1) up to 400 000/ml, (SCC2) 400–800 000/ml, (SCC3) over 800 000/ml. Colostrum assigned to the IG1 SCC1 group had a statistically significant higher (p ≤ 0.01) concentration of both whey proteins and fatty acids compared to the IG1 SCC2 and SCC3 groups. The concentration of IgG, IgM, and IgA was shown to be higher in IG1 SCC1 than IG2 SCC3 by 226%, 149%, and 115%, respectively. The concentration of lactoferrin was shown to be higher in IG1 SCC1 than IG2 SCC3 by 149%. The determination of colostrum quality based on the concentration of immunoglobulins in the colostrum may not be sufficient because serum IgG concentrations at birth show a linear increase relative to colostrum SCC. A breakdown of colostrum into quality classes, taking into account the level of SCC, should therefore be introduced.

Clinical Efficacy of Immunoglobulin Combined with Glucocorticoids in the Treatment of Oculomotor Myasthenia Gravis in Children and the Effect on Serum Immunity

“…Causes of CD4+ and CD8+ ratio dysregulation: it was found that T lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of OMG patients are impaired in regulation and are predominantly impaired in apoptosis of CD4+ T cells, and the dysregulation of CD4+ and CD8+ ratio may be related to this [31]. Due to impaired apoptosis of CD4+ T lymphocytes, activated self-reactive T cells cannot be cleared in a timely manner, and activated T cells cause B cells to proliferate by leaps and bounds, causing an overpowering immune response and the production of antibodies against autoantigens, which leads to the development of autoimmune diseases such as OMG [32].…”

Importance of Breed, Parity and Sow Colostrum Components on Litter Performance and Health

“…In other domestic species, the mother's health status has been associated with the somatic cell count (SCC), which has been recognized as an indicator of milk quality [9]. The SCC is also an indicator of udder health and could in turn affect Igs secretion [9].…”

“…For dairy cows, in which colostrum and milk composition have seen more study in comparison to sows, the factors affecting the Igs concentration-the SCC and the colostrum composition-are essential for good health, calving season, breed, age, their production system, a healthy diet, length of non-lactating period, and the time delay between parturition and first milking [9]. Similar to cows, the composition of sow colostrum can be influenced by several factors, including those of the sow-independent variety, such as environmental conditions (including the temperature and quality of hygiene of the farm), the sow's diet, and sow-dependent factors including breed, parity, and general health.…”

“…The same could be said for IgA, of which approximately 60% is produced at the mammary level [20], upon homing of the gut-derived plasma cells, particularly activated at the level of the Payer's patches [21]. Therefore, the functional efficiency of the udder could be a conditioning factor for Igs release and may be connected to the SCC [9].…”

Evaluation of Protective Proteins and Cytokines in Milk and Serum of Healthy Camels During the First Two Months Postpartum

“…Therefore, it is necessary to propose a classification of colostrum quality based on IgG levels (Al-Majali et al 2007). The specific characteristics of the camel milk IgG described here, as well as their dynamic changes during postpartum, are crucial for understanding not only how the calf's immune system develops but also how camel milk and its bioactive components relate to human nutrition (Puppel et al 2021).…”