Interaction between the root-lesion nematode Pratylenchus vulnus and the mycorrhizal association of Glomus intraradices and Santa Lucia 64 cherry rootstock

Abstract

The effects of the interaction between Pratylenchus vulnus and the endomycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices on growth and nutrition of Santa Lucia 64 cherry rootstock was studied under microplot conditions during one growing season. Fresh top weight, and stem diameter of mycorrhizal plants and high P treatments with and without P vulnus were significantly higher than those of non-mycorrhizal plants. The lowest shoot length and fresh root weights were recorded in nematode inoculated plants in low P soil. Mycorrhizal infection did not affect the number of nematodes per gram of root in plants infected with P vulnus. In the presence of the nematode, internal spore production by G. intraradices was significantly reduced. No nutrient deficiencies were detected through foliar analysis, although low levels of Ca, Mn and Fe were detected in nematode treatments. Mycorrhizal plants achieved the highest values for N, P, S, Fe, and Zn, whereas high P treatments increased absorption of Ca and Mn. Early mycorrhizal infection of Santa Lucia 64 cherry rootstock by G. intraradices confers increased growth capacity in the presence of P vulnus.

Interactions between migratory endoparasitic nematodes and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in perennial crops: A review

“…In some rootstocks, mycorrhizal colonization has no direct effect on the nematode, allowing a similar reproduction in plants attacked by P. vulnus, with and without mycorrhiza, as occurs with Marianna 2624 plum inoculated with Gtomus mosseae (Camprubf et al, 1993), or Santa Lucfa 64 cherry and BA-29 quince inoculated with Glomus intraradices (Calvet et al, 1995;Pinochet et al, 1995b). In these three cases the beneficial effects of mycorrhizal infection on vegetative growth would be indirect and apparently related to an increase in the nutrient capacity of the host.…”

“…Although microplots allow considerably larger root growth and simulate better plant response to field conditions, they are still confined systems with artificial environments that require accurate addition of nutrients (in frequency, concentration and time exposure) (Sikora and Carter, 1987). Field information to substantiate the benefits of enhanced microelement uptake in fruit tree crops obtained in microplots trials, such as in quince (Calvet et al, 1995) and cherry (Pinochet et al, 1995b), is unavailable. Determination of microetemerit content in tissues as a criteria for evaluating the effects of the mycorrhiza and the root-lesion nematode on nutrition is confusing and would require further research for its use as an interpretative value.…”

Aptitude for mycorrhizal root colonization in Prunus rootstocks

“…This appears to be the case for the P. insititia group, as the four rootstocks tested within this group, Adesoto-101, Montizo, Monpol and Julior were highly mycorrhizal when inoculated with G.intraradices. The agronomical characteristics of this group are highly advantageous for their specific adaptation to calcareous, heavy and saline soils causing root asphixia and iron chlorosis, common in Mediterranean fruit production areas (Moreno et al, 1995) and for their immunity to root-knot nematodes (Fernández et al, 1995).…”

“…CAB-6P showed good receptivity to mycorrhizal colonization, both by G. intraradices and by G. mosseae. Previous results have been published with another cherry rootstock, Santa Lucia 64, a seed selection of P. mahaleb (Pinochet et al, 1995), in which early mycorrhizal infection by G. intraradices increased growth and conferred tolerance to the rootstock in the presence of the root-lesion nematode The differences between the three mycorrhizal isolates in their ability to colonize the roots of the same host, also underscore the importance of selecting isolates that are capable of establishing in a short period of time a dynamic symbiosis (Figs. 4 and 5).…”

Effect of Mycorrhizal Inoculation and Activated Charcoal on Growth and Nutrition in Peach (<i>Prunus persica</i> Batsch) Seedlings Treated with Peach Root-Bark Extracts

“…Increased tolerance to drought has been reported in mycorrhizal plants probably due to increased water uptake via hyphal extraction (Davies et al, 1992), regulated stomatal conductance in response to hormonal signals (Drüge and Schönbeck, 1992), or by lowered leaf potential for greater turgor maintenance (Davies et al, 1993). Peach plants in association with AM fungi also suffer less damage from nematode infestation (Pinochet et al, 1995) and flooding (Rutto et al, 2002).…”