Interaction between two synthetic pyrethroids and the spread of two non‐persistent viruses in cowpea

Roberts, Julia M. F.; Hodgson, Chris; Jackai, L. E. N.; Thottappilly, G.; Singh, Sukhpal

doi:10.1111/j.1744-7348.1993.tb04014.x

Cited by 20 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…It is well established that aphid feeding results in a significant reduction of crop yield worldwide and thus reducing aphid populations through novel mechanisms has been of significant interest. Current aphid control programs rely heavily on the use of neurotoxic insecticides, and although neurotoxic insecticides are a validated approach for reducing aphid populations, it has been shown that some neurotoxic insecticides, such as pyrethroids, stimulate aphid probing and cause aphids to move from plant to plant, ultimately increasing virus spread . This plant‐to‐plant movement and increased probing behavior can increase the spread of nonpersistent plant viruses, thus the identification of molecules that induce mortality through a novel mechanism (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical inhibition of Kir channels reduces salivary secretions and phloem feeding of the cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii (Glover)

Davis

Swale

2019

Pest Management Science

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BACKGROUND The unique feeding biology of aphids suggests novel insecticide targets are likely to exist outside of the nervous system. We therefore aimed to directly test the hypothesis that pharmacological inhibition of inward rectifier potassium (Kir) channels would result in salivary gland failure and reduced sap ingestion by the cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii. RESULTS The Kir inhibitors VU041 and VU590 reduced the length of the salivary sheath in a concentration dependent manner, indicating that the secretory activity of the salivary gland is reduced by Kir inhibition. Next, we employed the electrical penetration graph (EPG) technique to measure the impact Kir inhibition has to aphid sap feeding and feeding biology. Data show that foliar application of VU041 eliminated the E1 and E2 phases (phloem feeding) in all aphids studied. Contact exposure to VU041 after foliar applications was found to be toxic to A. gossypii at 72 and 96 h post‐infestation, indicating mortality is likely a result of starvation and not acute toxicity. Furthermore, VU041 exposure significantly altered the feeding behavior of aphids, which is toxicologically relevant for plant–virus interactions. CONCLUSION These data suggest Kir channels are critical for proper function of aphid salivary glands and the reduced plant feeding justifies future work in developing salivary gland Kir channels as novel mechanism aphicides. Furthermore, products like VU041 would add to a very minor arsenal of compounds that simultaneously reduce vector abundance and alter feeding behavior. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical inhibition of Kir channels reduces salivary secretions and phloem feeding of the cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii (Glover)

Davis

Swale

2019

Pest Management Science

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“…) and extremely important from an economic perspective, because their rapid transmission strategy makes chemical control of vectors largely ineffective in monocultures of susceptible hosts where insecticides may instead stimulate increased movement and probing by vectors before they are killed (Roberts et al . ; Perring, Gruenhagen & Farrar ). It may also be useful to compare and contrast the effects of insect‐vectored viruses with vertically transmitted or mechanically transmitted viruses that do not rely on insect vectors and thus would not be expected to induce similar changes in plant chemistry (e.g.…”

Section: Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transmission mechanisms shape pathogen effects on host–vector interactions: evidence from plant viruses

et al. 2012

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Summary1. Vector-borne pathogens and parasites can induce changes in the phenotypes of their hosts that influence the frequency and nature of host-vector interactions and hence transmission, as documented by both empirical and theoretical studies. To the extent that implications for transmission play a significant role in shaping the evolution of parasite effects on host phenotypes, we may hypothesize that parasites exhibiting similar transmission mechanisms -and thus profiting from similar patterns of interaction among hosts and vectors -will have correspondingly similar effects on relevant host traits. Here, we explore this hypothesis through a survey and synthesis of literature on interactions among plant viruses, their hosts, and insect vectors. 2. Insect-vectored plant viruses that differ in their modes of transmission benefit from different patterns of interaction among host plants and vectors. The transmission of persistently transmitted (PT) viruses requires that vectors feed on an infected host for a sustained period to acquire and circulate (and sometimes replicate) virions, then disperse to a new, healthy host. In contrast, non-persistently transmitted (NPT) viruses are effectively transmitted when vectors briefly probe infected hosts, acquiring virions, then rapidly disperse. 3. Based on these observations, and empirical evidence from our previous work, we hypothesized that PT and NPT viruses will exhibit different effects on aspects of host phenotypes that mediate vector attraction to, arrestment on and dispersal from infected plants. Specifically, we predicted that both PT and NPT viruses would tend to enhance vector attraction to infected hosts, but that they would have contrasting effects on vector settling and feeding preferences and on vector performance, with PT viruses tending to improve host quality for vectors and promote long-term feeding and NPT viruses tending to reduce plant quality and promote rapid dispersal. 4. We evaluated these hypotheses through an analysis of existing literature and found patterns broadly consistent with our expectations. This literature synthesis, together with evidence from other disease systems, suggests that transmission mechanisms may indeed be an important factor influencing the manipulative strategies of vector-borne pathogens, with significant implications for managing viral diseases in agriculture and understanding their impacts on natural plant communities.

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“…Heavy infestations cause stunting, delays in flower initiation and, in extreme cases, death of the plant. Furthermore, A. craccivora has been implicated as the main vector of the non-persistent cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (Lapido and Allen, 1979;Thottappilly and Rössel, 1985;Atiri et al, 1986;Roberts et al, 1993).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Interaction between aphid resistant cowpea cultivars, three clones of cowpea aphid, and the effect of two light intensity regimes on this interaction

Nkansah-Poku

Hodgson

1995

International Journal of Pest Management

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Interaction between aphid resistant cowpea cultivars, three clones of cowpea aphid, and the effect of two light intensity regimes on this interaction(Abstract. The performance and probing behaviour of three cowpea aphid clones were studied on four cowpea cultivars reared under bright and poor light conditions. The cowpea cultivars included two resistant (TVu 801, TVu 3000), a semi-resistant (TVu 36) and a susceptible cv. (Ife Brown). The general trends under the two light conditions were similar: a Nigerian clone off groundnut had the poorest performance, producing no offspring, even off Ife Brown; a Philippines clone performed well on all cultivars, with high mean relative growth rates and fecundity, while a Nigerian clone off cowpea performed well on Ife Brown and TVu 36 but very poorly on the resistant cultivars, particularly under bright light conditions. Almost all aphid performance parameters were significantly improved on plants grown under low light, particularly with the Philippines clone. It was concluded that (a) some clones do not readily transfer from groundnut to cowpea; (b) the resistance in TVu 801 and TVu 3000 appeared to be effective against the Nigerian cowpea clone but not the Philippine clone, and therefore (c) that these resistant cvs were unlikely to be transferable to other Zoogeographic zones; and (d) that the susceptibility/resistance of the cultivars could be modified by the light conditions under which the plants were reared.

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Interaction between two synthetic pyrethroids and the spread of two non‐persistent viruses in cowpea

Cited by 20 publications

References 6 publications

Chemical inhibition of Kir channels reduces salivary secretions and phloem feeding of the cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii (Glover)

Chemical inhibition of Kir channels reduces salivary secretions and phloem feeding of the cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii (Glover)

Transmission mechanisms shape pathogen effects on host–vector interactions: evidence from plant viruses

Interaction between aphid resistant cowpea cultivars, three clones of cowpea aphid, and the effect of two light intensity regimes on this interaction

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