Interaction Effects between Openness and Fluid Intelligence Predicting Scholastic Performance

Abstract

Abstract:Figural reasoning as an indicator of fluid intelligence and the domains of the Five Factor Model were explored as predictors of scholastic performance. A total of 836 Chinese secondary school students (406 girls) from grades 7 to 11 participated. Figural reasoning, as measured by Raven's Standard Progressive Matrices, predicted performance in Math, Chinese, and English, and also for a composite score. Among the personality domains, Openness had a positive effect on performance for all subjects after controlling for all the other variables. For Conscientiousness, the effects were smaller and only significant for Math. Neuroticism had a negative effect on Math grades. The effects of Extraversion on all grades were very small and not significant. Most importantly, hierarchical latent regression analyses indicated that all interaction effects between Openness and figural reasoning were significant, revealing a compensatory interaction. Our results further suggest that scholastic performance basically relies on the same traits through the secondary school years. However, importance is given to interaction effects between ability and personality. Implications along with limitations and suggestions for future research are discussed.

Psychological individual differences as predictors of refugees’ local language proficiency

“…Studies that examined Conscientiousness as a moderator of GMA for predicting job performance reveal inconsistent findings: Some studies found no support for an interaction (Mount, Barrick, & Strauss, 1999;Sackett, Gruys, & Ellingson, 1998), whereas other studies revealed support for interaction effects between GMA and achievement motivation related facets of Conscientiousness (Perry, Hunter, Witt, & Harris, 2010), and between GMA and contextualized measures of achievement motivation (Hirschfeld, Lawson, & Mossholder, 2004). In educational psychology, the effect of GMA on grade point average was found to be stronger at higher levels of (the facets of) Conscientiousness (Bergold & Steinmayr, 2018;Di Domenico & Fournier, 2015;Ziegler, Knogler, & Bühner, 2009; but see Zhang & Ziegler, 2015). Openness has also been found to moderate the effect of GMA on academic performance, such that the effect of GMA on academic performance is stronger at lower levels of Openness (Bergold & Steinmayr, 2018;Di Domenico & Fournier, 2015;Zhang & Ziegler, 2015).…”

“…In educational psychology, the effect of GMA on grade point average was found to be stronger at higher levels of (the facets of) Conscientiousness (Bergold & Steinmayr, 2018;Di Domenico & Fournier, 2015;Ziegler, Knogler, & Bühner, 2009; but see Zhang & Ziegler, 2015). Openness has also been found to moderate the effect of GMA on academic performance, such that the effect of GMA on academic performance is stronger at lower levels of Openness (Bergold & Steinmayr, 2018;Di Domenico & Fournier, 2015;Zhang & Ziegler, 2015). GMA and Openness have a compensatory effect on performance, and hence, the lower one's level of Openness, the larger is the relative contribution of GMA on performance (see Ziegler, Danay, Heene, Asendorpf, & Bühner, 2012).…”

The Impact of the Openness of Firms’ External Search Strategies on Exploratory Innovation and Exploitative Innovation

“…Another understanding of innovation capability based on the knowledge creation process was proposed by Zhang et al [13]. They suggested that firms should first be aware of the internal and external changes-correctly interpreting the effect of dynamic information on firm performance-and then take actions in effective response to the changes and keep dynamic adaptability between the firm itself and the environment.…”

“…This study employed [13] an understanding of a firm's innovation capability to analyze how the capability influences the choices of firms' innovation types. A firm's innovation capability was measured by four aspects: awareness, interpretation, decision making, and implementation.…”

“…Excessive openness may cause problems, such as internal distractions and excessive dependence on external technologies. Firms can fail to select a truly suitable innovation type for their business development [13]. However, the existing literature keeps rather silent about how the degree of innovation openness influences the choice of firms' innovation type and in what way the degree of innovation openness effects innovation types, namely exploitative innovation and exploratory innovation.…”