Interaction of acute feline herpesvirus-1 and chronic feline immunodeficiency virus infections in experimentally infected specific pathogen free cats

Reubel, G. H.; George, Jeanne W.; Barlough, Jeffrey E.; Higgins, Joanne; Grant, Chris K.; Pedersen, Niels C

doi:10.1016/0165-2427(92)90124-9

Cited by 28 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 26 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Viral shedding peaks at 7 days post-infection (Reubel et al, 1992) and lifelong latency occurs in approximately 80% of cats (Gaskell and Povey, 1977). Since the virus is reactivated by stress (Gaskell and Povey, 1982), and animal shelters are often stressful environments for cats (Bannasch and Foley, 2005), latent carriers are important reservoirs for disease transmission (Gaskell and Willoughby, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical and antiviral effect of a single oral dose of famciclovir administered to cats at intake to a shelter

Litster

Lohr

Bukowy

et al. 2015

The Veterinary Journal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A B S T R A C TAlthough famciclovir is efficacious in feline herpesvirus type 1 (FHV-1)-infected cats, effects of a single dose early in disease course have not been reported. In this two part, randomized, masked, placebo controlled study, cats received a single dose of 125 mg famciclovir (n = 43) or placebo (n = 43; pilot study), or 500 mg famciclovir (n = 41) or placebo (n = 40; clinical trial) on entering a shelter. FHV-1 PCR testing was performed, bodyweight and food intake were recorded, and signs of respiratory disease were scored prior to and 7 days following treatment. FHV-1 DNA was detected in 40% of cats in both parts at study entry. In the pilot study, ocular and nasal discharge scores increased from days 1 to 7 in famciclovir and placebo treated cats. Sneezing scores increased and bodyweight decreased in famciclovir-treated cats. The proportion of cats in which FHV-1 DNA was detected increased over time in all cats in the pilot study. In the clinical trial, food intake and median clinical disease scores for nasal discharge and sneezing increased from days 1 to 7 in both groups and demeanor scores worsened in famciclovir-treated cats. The proportion of cats shedding FHV-1 DNA was greater on day 7 than on day 1 in cats receiving 500 mg famciclovir. A single dose of famciclovir (125 or 500 mg) administered at shelter intake was not efficacious in a feline population in which 40% were already shedding FHV-1.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical and antiviral effect of a single oral dose of famciclovir administered to cats at intake to a shelter

Litster

Lohr

Bukowy

et al. 2015

The Veterinary Journal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…During the acute stage of illness, large numbers of infectious virions are shed into nasal, oral and ocular discharges [24]. At this time, infectious virus can be readily isolated in cell cultures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of active and latent feline herpesvirus 1 infections using the polymerase chain reaction

Reubel

Ramos

Hickman

et al. 1993

Archives of Virology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was developed to detect the thymidine kinase gene of feline herpesvirus 1 (FHV-1) and to study the active and latent carrier state in a group of naturally FHV-1 infected specific pathogen free (SPF) cats. The detection limit of PCR products on ethidium bromide stained gels was 390 fg or about 3 x 10(3) copies of the FHV-1 genome. The PCR was 25% more sensitive than conventional cell culture based virus isolation techniques in detecting FHV-1 in oral/ocular swabs and 100 times more sensitive in detecting virus in cell culture supernatants. Sites of FHV-1 latency in FHV-1 carriers as determined by PCR were mainly tissues of the head, especially the trigeminal ganglia, optic nerves, olfactory bulbs and corneas. Oral fauces, salivary glands, lacrimal glands, cerebellum and conjunctiva were less consistently positive. The cerebral cortex, thymus, trachea, lung, liver, spleen, kidney, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells were consistently negative for FHV-1 genome. The distribution of FHV-1 DNA in the tissues of the head was similar whether or not corticosteroid-induced virus shedding was occurring at the time the tissues were collected. Infectious virus was never recovered from tissue homogenates regardless of the PCR status of the tissues.

show abstract

“…A subset of CD4 + CD25 + CD69 − Treg cells has been shown to be capable of suppressing B cell class switching and antibody production by interfering with T cell help in germinal centers of lymph nodes or by interacting directly with B cells in germinal centers (Lim et al, 2005; Lim, Hillsamer, and Kim, 2004). It has previously been shown that cats chronically infected with FIV and exposed to either a variety of infectious agents or antigens develop delayed and blunted humoral immune responses as compared to FIV-naïve cats (Reubel et al, 1994; Reubel et al, 1992). However, the robust anti-mouse mAb humoral response in Treg cell-depleted animals demonstrates the potent suppressive influence Treg cells can have on the humoral arm of the immune system and the capacity of the immune system to respond even during a state of CD4 depletion and immune dysfunction.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vivo depletion of CD4+CD25hi regulatory T cells is associated with improved antiviral responses in cats chronically infected with feline immunodeficiency virus

et al. 2010

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Regulatory T (Treg) cells are activated and suppress immune responses during infection, and are characterized as CD4+CD25hiFOXP3+. Ex vivo studies demonstrate that Treg cells potentially suppress anti-HIV-1 T cell responses. Lentivirus-induced CD4+CD25hi Treg cells were first described in feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV)-infected cats. In the present study we demonstrate that anti-feline CD25 monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapy depletes Treg cells in FIV-infected cats for four weeks and does not exacerbate viral replication or proinflammatory cytokine production. Significant FIV-specific immune responses are revealed in Treg cell-depleted cats. These anti-FIV effector cells exist prior to Treg cell depletion and are not expanded while Treg cells are depleted. Importantly, cats receiving the Treg cell-depleting mAb are able to produce a robust humoral response to new antigen. We propose that short-term in vivo Treg cell depletion during chronic HIV-1 infection could provide a window of opportunity for therapeutic vaccination in individuals with controlled viral replication.

show abstract

Interaction of acute feline herpesvirus-1 and chronic feline immunodeficiency virus infections in experimentally infected specific pathogen free cats

Cited by 28 publications

References 26 publications

Clinical and antiviral effect of a single oral dose of famciclovir administered to cats at intake to a shelter

Clinical and antiviral effect of a single oral dose of famciclovir administered to cats at intake to a shelter

Detection of active and latent feline herpesvirus 1 infections using the polymerase chain reaction

In vivo depletion of CD4+CD25hi regulatory T cells is associated with improved antiviral responses in cats chronically infected with feline immunodeficiency virus

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About