Interaction of aldehydes derived from lipid peroxidation and membrane proteins

Abstract

A great variety of compounds are formed during lipid peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids of membrane phospholipids. Among them, bioactive aldehydes, such as 4-hydroxyalkenals, malondialdehyde (MDA) and acrolein, have received particular attention since they have been considered as toxic messengers that can propagate and amplify oxidative injury. In the 4-hydroxyalkenal class, 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE) is the most intensively studied aldehyde, in relation not only to its toxic function, but also to its physiological role. Indeed, HNE can be found at low concentrations in human tissues and plasma and participates in the control of biological processes, such as signal transduction, cell proliferation, and differentiation. Moreover, at low doses, HNE exerts an anti-cancer effect, by inhibiting cell proliferation, angiogenesis, cell adhesion and by inducing differentiation and/or apoptosis in various tumor cell lines. It is very likely that a substantial fraction of the effects observed in cellular responses, induced by HNE and related aldehydes, be mediated by their interaction with proteins, resulting in the formation of covalent adducts or in the modulation of their expression and/or activity. In this review we focus on membrane proteins affected by lipid peroxidation-derived aldehydes, under physiological and pathological conditions.

IFN-γ ameliorates autoimmune encephalomyelitis by limiting myelin lipid peroxidation

“…It is well known that ROS can oxidize the lipid tails of the phospholipids present in the membrane bilayer of myelinating oligodendrocytes, introducing a break and producing an aldehyde or a straight-chain alkane. The MBP-induced fusionformed myelin sheath then becomes unstable in the presence of even small amounts of these products of lipid degradation (25). A number of studies have shown that increased lipid peroxidation occurs in patients with MS (26,27), although this view has been challenged (28,29).…”

“…Lipid peroxidation is a self-propagating chain-reaction (24,25), and the initial oxidation of only a few lipid molecules can result in significant tissue damage. It is well known that ROS can oxidize the lipid tails of the phospholipids present in the membrane bilayer of myelinating oligodendrocytes, introducing a break and producing an aldehyde or a straight-chain alkane.…”

Endocrine disrupting metals lead to alteration in the gonadal hormone levels in Nigerian e-waste workers

“…(21) It was reported that workers exposed to chromium (VI) had significantly higher serum FSH concentration and lower sperm count and motility, lower seminal plasma zinc levels, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and LDH-C4 (22) , and significantly higher percentage of abnormal sperm than control workers, but other semen quality parameters did not differ between them. (32) A further report showed that blood chromium positively correlated with the percentage of abnormal sperm in the exposed workers. (22) In 2014, Nigeria generated about 219 kilotons of e-waste, which is largely recycled by the informal sector.…”

LDL-Related Intolerance to Glucose, Diastolic Hypertension and Additive Effects of Smoking Were Found with Three Female Study Groups

“…Reviews summarize various tobacco-related aldehydes suggesting conjugation of proteins whereby radicals in arterial plaques impair lipoprotein-associated phospholipases during late arterial disorders [24]- [28]. High prevalence of smoking is correlated with type 2 diabetes of elderly persons in a Finnish study suggesting that smoking impairs regeneration of pancreatic betacells [29].…”