“…Small molecules interact with DNA in many ways, including intercalation [1,2], groove binding [3,4] and electrostatic binding [5,6]. A variety of techniques have been used to study the interactions between DNA and its binders, such as DNA-footprinting [7,8], nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) [9,10], mass spectrometry (MS) [11,12], molecular modeling techniques [13], electrochemical measurement [14][15][16][17] and some spectroscopic methods [18][19][20][21]. It has been reported that the anti-cancer drug irinotecan can attach to DNA through electrostatic binding [22]; distamycin can form a monomer or dimer and bind in the minor groove of double helix DNA [23]; and berberine can bind to double helix DNA at AT-rich sequences preferentially [24].…”