Interaction of Cardiopulmonary and Somatic Reflexes in Humans

Walker, John L.; Abboud, François M.; Mark, Allyn L.; Thames, Marc D.

doi:10.1172/jci109814

Cited by 45 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Since we did not measure these volumes, we do not known whether they were elevated in our denervated animals, although the recovery time after denervation (14-30 days) may have been too short to detect any differences. Furthermore, there is evi-dence to suggest that cardiopulmonary receptors do have effects on peripheral blood flow in man (Abboud and Mark, 1979;Walker et al, 1980). With respect to this point, the previously cited studies of Mark et al (1977) and Goldsmith et al (1983) are of interest.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Renal responses of the cardiac-denervated nonhuman primate to blood volume expansion.

Peterson¹,

Jones²

1983

Circulation Research

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SUMMARY. Experiments were performed to determine whether total, specific cardiac denervation affects the renal responses of the nonhuman primate to acute inrravascular volume expansion. Adult male Macaca fascicularis monkeys underwent chronic intrapericardial cardiac denervation or sham surgery. After a 14-to 30-day recovery period, each animal was anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital and estimated blood volume was volume-expanded 20% with 6% dextran in isotonic saline. Control renal excretory function did not differ between the two groups, and both groups had similar increases in urine flow, sodium and potassium excretion, osmolar clearance, free water clearance, and renal plasma flow after volume expansion. The times to peak diuresis and natriuresis also were similar in both groups. These results demonstrate that the cardiac-denervated monkey shows unartenuated renal excretory responses to volume expansion. This could indicate that either cardiac receptors do not play a major role in eliciting these responses in the primate or that eliminating a role of cardiac afferents is compensated for by redundant afferents from arterial baroreceptors. (Circ Res 53: 24-32, 1983)

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Renal responses of the cardiac-denervated nonhuman primate to blood volume expansion.

Peterson¹,

Jones²

1983

Circulation Research

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“…LBNP has been used extensively to unload cardiopulmonary receptors, 21 and low levels of LBNP have also been shown to increase plasma norepinephrine concentrations. 22 LBNP at -10 mm Hg has been shown to decrease central venous pressure and cause forearm vasoconstriction without altering blood pressure or heart rate. 23 In the present study, systolic blood pressure decreased slightly at the lowest level of LBNP; however, blood pres-sure was not further reduced by increasing levels of LBNP.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Baroreceptor sensitivity in prehypertensive young adults.

et al. 1989

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Decreased baroreceptor reflex sensitivity has been implicated in the pathogenesis of hypertension. The purpose of this study is to determine if alterations of baroreceptor function precede the development of hypertension in humans. Baroreceptor function was evaluated in 13 young adult white men with relatively high blood pressures sustained for 12 to 15 years and 12 age-matched men with sustained relatively low blood pressures. High pressure baroreceptor activity was evaluated by measuring change in pulse interval in response to decreases and increases of arterial pressure, induced by graded infusions of nitroprusside and angiotensin II, respectively. In response to both agents, baroreceptor slopes did not differ in the high and low blood pressure groups. Plasma norepinephrine also increased similarly in both blood pressure groups in response to nitroprusside. To study low-pressure baroreceptor function, responses to graded levels of lower-body negative pressure (LBNP) were measured. Comparing both blood pressure groups, there were similar increases of heart rate, total peripheral resistance, and plasma norepinephrine in response to LBNP. Both blood pressure groups also had similar increases of heart rate and blood pressure in response to isometric (handgrip) exercise. Thus, high-pressure and low-pressure baroreceptor function is not altered in prehypertensive young adults. However, continued follow-up will be required to determine if these individuals with sustained relatively high blood pressures are truly prehypertensive. (Hypertension 1989;13:878-883) A lterations of neural activity have been implicated in the pathogenesis of both clinical and experimental hypertension. 1 -3 Plasma catecholamine concentrations tend to be elevated in young, hypertensive humans, and sympathetic nervous system activity is increased in several models of hypertension studied after the development of hypertension.1 -2 In response to acute elevations of arterial pressure, baroreceptor reflex sensitivity is decreased in both hypertensive animals and humans.14 Furthermore, baroreceptor reflex control of heart rate and vascular resistance is impaired in the prehypertensive Dahl salt-sensitive rat, and it has been suggested that this impairment contributes to the rat's propensity to develop hypertension. 5 -8 Cardiopulmonary baroreceptor reflex sensitivity is also decreased in the prehypertensive Dahl saltsensitive rat, as evidenced by a reduced capacity to inhibit efferent sympathetic nerve activity in response to plasma volume expansion. 9 The current study is designed to evaluate the hypothesis that alterations of neural activity precede the development of hypertension in humans.In 1973, we initially measured blood pressure in all high school students residing in Bourbon County, Kentucky («=l,140). Standardized measurements of blood pressure were repeated in these same individuals in 1978, 1981, and 1985. In this population, there were highly significant correlations between repeated measurements of blood pressure over time, and ...

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“…Although both central neural and peripheral reflex mechence ofbody position and low pressure cardiopulmonary anisms contribute to the maintenance ofarterial pressure during ptors. Activation of cardiopulmonary baroreceptors in-dynamic exercise, the data suggest that central command and d unloading of these receptors augments the reflex vamuscle chemoreflexes do not exert comparable effects on symictor responses to muscle afferent stimulation (35,36). pathetic and parasympathetic responses.…”

Section: Exercise Interventions Series Imentioning

confidence: 95%

Differential control of heart rate and sympathetic nerve activity during dynamic exercise. Insight from intraneural recordings in humans.

Victor¹,

Seals²,

Mark³

1987

J. Clin. Invest.

220

150

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We used microelectrode recordings of muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) from the peroneal nerve in the leg during arm exercise in conscious humans to test the concept that central command and muscle afferent reflexes produce mass sympathetic discharge at the onset of exercise. Nonischemic rhythmic handgrip and mild arm cycling produced graded increases in heart rate and arterial pressure but did not increase MSNA, whereas ischemic handgrip and moderate arm cycling dramatically increased MSNA. There was a slow onset and offset of the MSNA responses, which suggested metaboreceptor mediation. When forearm ischemia was continued after ischemic handgrip, MSNA remained elevated (muscle chemoreflex stimulation) but heart rate returned to control (elimination of central command). The major new conclusions are that: (a) the onset of dynamic exercise does not produce mass, uniform sympathetic discharge in humans, and (b) muscle chemoreflexes and central command appear to produce differential effects on sympathetic and parasympathetic responses.

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Interaction of Cardiopulmonary and Somatic Reflexes in Humans

Abstract: A B S T R A C T Activation

Cited by 45 publications

References 31 publications

Renal responses of the cardiac-denervated nonhuman primate to blood volume expansion.

Renal responses of the cardiac-denervated nonhuman primate to blood volume expansion.

Baroreceptor sensitivity in prehypertensive young adults.

Differential control of heart rate and sympathetic nerve activity during dynamic exercise. Insight from intraneural recordings in humans.

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