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ABSTRACT (Maximum 200 Words)Cryptophycins are a potent, tumor-selective class of tubulin-binding antimitotic anticancer agents with excellent activity against MDR cancers. For the development of these promising compounds into useful chemotherapeutic agents, detailed information about the binding domain of the cryptophycins is essential. We plan to map the cryptophycin binding site through photoaffinity labeling studies. Toward this goal we have prepared CIO azido analogues of cryptophycin-24 and have evaluated them in a tubulin assembly assay. We have found them to be potential candidates for photoaffinity labeling studies.
IntroductionCryptophycins, isolated from blue-green algae (Nostoc sp.), are a new and potent tumor-selective class of tubulin-binding antimitotic agents that show excellent activity against MDR cancer cell lines and were exceptionally active against mammary derived tumors."2 Cryptophycin-1 (1, Fig. 1) is the major cytotoxin in Nostoc sp. 3 ' 4 and displays IC 50 values in the pM range. Of special importance is the reduced susceptibility of the cryptophycins to P-glycoprotein mediated multiple drug resistance in comparison to vinblastine, colchicine, and paclitaxel. A structurally related compound cryptophycin-24, (2, Fig. 1, also named arenastatin A), isolated from the Okinawan marine sponge Dysidea arenaria 5 and later from Nostoc sp. strain GSV 224,6 is also a potent inhibitor of tubulin polymerization. Cryptophycins are one of the best recent lead in the search for anticancer therapies. Formal and total syntheses of the cryptophycins have been published by several groups.7 " Also, wide SAR studies of these molecules have been reported.I" 2 Although relatively little is known about the interactions of cryptophycins with tubulin, it is believed that the cryptophycins may interact in a manner different from those of other tubulin-binding antimitotic agents.12' 4 For the development of these promising compounds into useful chemotherapeutic agents, detailed information about the binding domain of the cryptophycins is essential. Hence, we planned to prepare analogues with affinity labels at the two aromatic rings of the cryptophycin molecule. The information obtained will be used to search for effective bioactive candidates for in vitro and in vivo testing. We have already synthesized and evaluated three C16 side chain benzophenone"' and azido (meta and para)' 6 analogues of cryptophycin-24. Although these...