Interaction of dietary sodium chloride and waterborne copper in rainbow trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>): copper toxicity and sodium and chloride homeostasis

Kamunde, Collins; Niyogi, Som; Wood, Chris M.

doi:10.1139/f04-169

Cited by 28 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…2a, b), suggesting that circulatory Na loss is a potential noninvasive indicator of chronic Cu toxicity. This is consistent with our earlier study (Kamunde et al 2005) in which a decline in plasma Na was not only associated with elevated Cu but also with increased mortality and reduced growth. In the current study mortality and growth inhibition did not occur (data not shown) possibly because of the lower Cu exposure concentration (40 vs. 55 lg/L) and different water chemistries.…”

Section: Results and Dicussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Evaluation of Antioxidant Circulatory Lipid-Soluble Vitamins and Sodium as Non-invasive Indicators of Chronic Copper Exposure and Toxicity in Rainbow Trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss

Kamunde

MacPhail

Mahar

et al. 2008

Bull Environ Contam Toxicol

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Measurement of circulatory indicators of copper (Cu) exposure and toxicity in rainbow trout revealed elevated Cu concurrent with reduced sodium (Na) concentrations in plasma of Cu-exposed fish. Using a new normal phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method developed and validated for simultaneous extraction of lipid-soluble antioxidant vitamins we found that, contrary to our original hypothesis, plasma antioxidant status was enhanced as evidenced by a linear increase in vitamin E concentration. This suggests that vitamin E was mobilized from other metabolic pools to enhance circulatory antioxidant status possibly for delivery to Cu-sensitive locales. On the other hand, plasma vitamin A was not affected by the Cu exposure although its level decreased with time concurrent with an increase in fish size suggesting increased demand for growth. Thus circulatory Cu, Na, and vitamin E, but not vitamin A, can be used as non-lethal biomarkers of chronic Cu exposure and toxicity in fish.

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Section: Results and Dicussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Evaluation of Antioxidant Circulatory Lipid-Soluble Vitamins and Sodium as Non-invasive Indicators of Chronic Copper Exposure and Toxicity in Rainbow Trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss

Kamunde

MacPhail

Mahar

et al. 2008

Bull Environ Contam Toxicol

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“…The protective effect of waterborne chloride against nitrite toxicity has been attributed to competitive inhibition of nitrite uptake by the chloride cells at the gills (Lewis and Morris 1986). Dietary NaCl can increase the resistance of fish to the toxic effects of some waterborne cations, such as copper in rainbow trout (Kamunde et al , 2005Pyle et al 2003). Kamunde et al (2005) concluded that in rainbow trout fed with dietary NaCl, decreased susceptibility to the toxic effects of waterborne copper was due to an increase in plasma sodium.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dietary NaCl can increase the resistance of fish to the toxic effects of some waterborne cations, such as copper in rainbow trout (Kamunde et al , 2005Pyle et al 2003). Kamunde et al (2005) concluded that in rainbow trout fed with dietary NaCl, decreased susceptibility to the toxic effects of waterborne copper was due to an increase in plasma sodium. The authors suggest the rise in plasma sodium concentration reduced the efflux of sodium by inhibition of the branchial sodium uptake route, which is also shared by copper.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Susceptibility of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fed with dietary sodium chloride to nitrite toxicity

et al. 2011

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Juvenile Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) were fed with diets supplemented with 0 or 6% NaCl for 10 weeks. Tilapia were exposed to approximately 21 mg/l nitrite-N after 5 and 10 weeks of feeding to determine the effect of dietary NaCl supplementation on resistance to nitrite toxicity. Fish were sampled before (baseline, pre-exposure) and after 24 h nitrite exposure to determine the effects of dietary NaCl on mortality, hematology (hematocrit, hemoglobin, and methemoglobin), and plasma electrolyte dynamics (nitrite, chloride, sodium, and potassium). After 10 weeks of feeding, tilapia were also challenged with Streptococcus iniae to determine the effect of sodium chloride on immunity. Tilapia fed with the NaCl-supplemented diet had significantly higher weight gain compared with the control group, which was associated with a significant increase in feed intake in the NaCl group. Mortality from nitrite exposure was lower in tilapia fed with the NaClsupplemented diet compared with the control group at 5 and 10 weeks, but the differences were not significant. However, dietary NaCl supplementation caused a significant decrease in plasma nitrite levels after nitrite exposure. The dietary reduction in nitrite may be related to the increase in plasma chloride in the 6% NaCl-supplemented fish. A direct link between the effects of dietary NaCl supplementation on methemoglobin (MetHb) could not be established. Tilapia in this study were subjected to acute nitrite toxicity. Dietary sodium chloride may be more effective in protecting against nitrite toxicity at lower levels of nitrite, but the conditions at which it proves to be effective may be limited and requires further investigation. Feeding NaCl to tilapia did not affect susceptibility to S. iniae or immune function, but nitrite exposure cause a stress-related reduction in non-specific immune function. This is the first study to examine the effects of dietary salt on nitrite toxicity in tilapia.

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“…(2002) reported a time course of <30 s for Na transfer from the gills to the blood; thus, it is plausible that [Na] transfer through the gut could be equally rapid. Alternatively, gut Na could have been lower than the other tissues as a result of having starved the fish for 36 h prior to sampling, as sampling after a period of starvation may not reveal the apparently transient changes in tissue Na levels that occur (Kamunde et al ., 2004). In contrast, Pyle et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Na does not reduce dietary Cu uptake by juvenile rainbow trout

Kjoss

Kamunde

Niyogi

et al. 2005

Journal of Fish Biology

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Rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss fry in moderately hard water were exposed to control or high levels of dietary Cu (c. 6 and 580 ug Cu g food À1 ) at one of three levels of Na (1Á5, 3Á0 or 4Á5%) in the diet, i.e. six experimental groups. Fish were fed a 4% body mass ration daily for 28 days and 10 individuals from each group were sampled every 7 days. Concentrations of Cu and Na were measured in the gills, liver, gut and remaining carcass of sampled fish. Growth was not affected and no consistent differences were found in mass, total lengths (L T ) or indices of body condition among any of the groups on any sampling day. Copper concentration was significantly higher in tissues of Cu-exposed groups, although within treatment types (control Cu v. high Cu diet), it did not differ consistently among groups that received different levels of dietary Na. Tissue Na concentration did not differ among any of the groups and did not show any marked changes over time. In Cu-exposed groups, the proportion of total body Cu burden contained in the liver approximately doubled over time, from c. 30% on day 7 to c. 60% on day 28. In unexposed fish, the liver maintained c. 25% of the total Cu burden throughout the experiment. In contrast, the proportion of the total body Cu burden contained in the gut decreased somewhat over time in Cu-exposed fish, from c. 40% on day 7 to c. 30% on day 28, and remained fairly stable at c. 25-30% in control groups, i.e. approximately equal to liver values. In all groups, the carcass contained by far the largest portion of the total Na content (>80%). Measurements made 36 h post-feeding indicated that all six groups had much higher Na efflux relative to influx, suggesting that the fish were eliminating excess Na taken up from the diet, and differences in Na influx rates were small. Na efflux rate was significantly higher in the high Cu and high Na group than in the high Cu and low Na group. The results indicate that at the concentrations used in this experiment, dietary Na has little effect on dietary Cu uptake by juvenile rainbow trout, and dietary Cu has little effect on Na homeostasis. # 2005 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles

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Interaction of dietary sodium chloride and waterborne copper in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): copper toxicity and sodium and chloride homeostasis

Cited by 28 publications

References 56 publications

Evaluation of Antioxidant Circulatory Lipid-Soluble Vitamins and Sodium as Non-invasive Indicators of Chronic Copper Exposure and Toxicity in Rainbow Trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss

Evaluation of Antioxidant Circulatory Lipid-Soluble Vitamins and Sodium as Non-invasive Indicators of Chronic Copper Exposure and Toxicity in Rainbow Trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss

Susceptibility of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fed with dietary sodium chloride to nitrite toxicity

Dietary Na does not reduce dietary Cu uptake by juvenile rainbow trout

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